Toro Lawn Aerator 648 User Manual

Part No. 04129SL (Rev. C)  
Service Manual  
R
ProCore 648  
Preface  
The purpose of this publication is to provide the service  
technician with information for troubleshooting, testing  
and repair of major systems and components on the  
ProCore 648.  
This safety symbol means DANGER, WARNING,  
or CAUTION, PERSONAL SAFETY INSTRUC-  
TION. When you see this symbol, carefully read  
the instructions that follow. Failure to obey the  
instructions may result in personal injury.  
REFER TO THE OPERATOR’S MANUALS FOR OP-  
ERATING, MAINTENANCE AND ADJUSTMENT  
INSTRUCTIONS. Space is provided in Chapter 2 of this  
book to insert the Operator’s Manuals and Parts Cata-  
logs for your machine. Replacement Operator’s Manu-  
als and Parts Catalogs are available on the internet at  
www.toro.com.  
NOTE: A NOTE will give general information about the  
correct operation, maintenance, service, testing or re-  
pair of the machine.  
The Toro Company reserves the right to change product  
specifications or this publication without notice.  
IMPORTANT: The IMPORTANT notice will give im-  
portant instructions which must be followed to pre-  
vent damage to systems or components on the  
machine.  
E The Toro Company - 2004, 2006, 2009  
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Table Of Contents  
Chapter 1 – Safety  
Chapter 5 – Electrical System  
Safety Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 – 2  
Jacking Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 – 4  
Safety and Instruction Decals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 – 5  
Electrical Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 – 1  
Circuit Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 – 2  
Special Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 – 7  
Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 – 8  
Electrical System Quick Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 – 11  
Component Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 – 13  
Service and Repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 – 28  
Chapter 2 – Product Records and Maintenance  
Product Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 1  
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 1  
Equivalents and Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 2  
Torque Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 3  
Chapter 6 – Chassis  
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 – 2  
Special Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 – 3  
Service and Repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 – 4  
Chapter 3 – Kohler Engine  
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 2  
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 3  
General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 4  
Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 5  
Service and Repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 7  
KOHLER ENGINE SERVICE MANUAL  
Chapter 7 – Coring Head  
General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – 2  
Service and Repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – 4  
Chapter 8 – Electrical Diagrams  
Electrical Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 – 3  
Electrical Circuit Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 – 4  
Wire Harness Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 – 11  
Chapter 4 – Hydraulic System  
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 – 2  
General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 – 4  
Hydraulic Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 – 7  
Hydraulic Flow Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 – 8  
Special Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 – 12  
Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 – 14  
Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 – 17  
Service and Repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 – 30  
HYDRO–GEAR BDP–10A/16A/21L HYDROSTATIC  
PUMPS SERVICE AND REPAIR MANUAL  
SAUER DANFOSS GROUP 2 GEAR PUMPS AND  
MOTORS SERVICE MANUAL  
SAUER DANFOSS OMEW HYDRAULIC MOTOR  
SERVICE MANUAL  
ProCore 648  
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ProCore 648  
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Chapter 1  
Safety  
Table of Contents  
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2  
Before Operating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2  
While Operating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2  
Maintenance and Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3  
JACKING INSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4  
SAFETY AND INSTRUCTION DECALS . . . . . . . . . . 5  
ProCore 648  
Safety  
Page 1 – 1  
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Safety Instructions  
The ProCore 648 is designed and tested to offer safe  
service when operated and maintained properly. Al-  
though hazard control and accident prevention partially  
are dependent upon the design and configuration of the  
machine, these factors are also dependent upon the  
awareness, concern and proper training of the person-  
nel involved in the operation, transport, maintenance  
and storage of the machine. Improper use or mainte-  
nance of the machine can result in injury or death. To re-  
duce the potential for injury or death, comply with the  
following safety instructions.  
WARNING  
To reduce the potential for injury or death,  
comply with the following safety instructions.  
Before Operating  
1. Read and understand the contents of the Operator’s  
Manual before starting and operating the machine. Be-  
come familiar with the controls and know how to stop the  
machine and engine quickly. Additional copies of the  
Operator’s Manual are available on the internet at  
www.Toro.com.  
4. Since gasoline is highly flammable, handle it careful-  
ly:  
A. Store fuel in containers specifically designed for  
this purpose.  
B. Do not remove machine fuel tank cap while en-  
gine is hot or running.  
2. Keep all shields, safety devices and decals in place.  
If a shield, safety device or decal is defective, illegible  
or damaged, repair or replace it before operating the  
machine. Also tighten any loose nuts, bolts or screws to  
ensure machine is in safe operating condition.  
C. Do not smoke while handling fuel.  
D. Fill fuel tank outdoors and only to within an inch of  
the top of the tank, not the filler neck. Do not overfill  
the fuel tank.  
3. Assure interlock switches are adjusted correctly so  
engine cannot be started unless traction lever is in NEU-  
TRAL and coring head is DISENGAGED.  
E. Wipe up any spilled fuel.  
While Operating  
1. Operator should be standing at the side console  
when starting the engine and at the handle when operat-  
ing the machine. Stay away from the coring head when  
it is engaged.  
5. Do not touch engine, muffler or exhaust pipe while  
engine is running or soon after it is stopped. These  
areas could be hot enough to cause burns.  
6. Before leaving the operator’s position:  
A. Ensure that traction lever is in neutral.  
2. Before starting the engine:  
A. Engage the parking brake.  
B. Raise coring head and wait for coring head to  
stop.  
B. Make sure traction lever is in neutral.  
3. After engine is started, release parking brake and  
apply no pressure to traction lever. Machine must not  
move. If movement is evident, the traction linkage is ad-  
justed incorrectly. Shut engine off and adjust traction  
linkage until machine does not move when traction lever  
is released (see Operator’s Manual).  
C. Set parking brake. Stop engine and remove key  
from ignition switch.  
7. Anytime the machine is parked (short or long term),  
install the service latch to secure the coring head in the  
raised position. This eliminates the risk of the coring  
head accidentally lowering to the ground.  
4. Do not run engine in a confined area without ade-  
quate ventilation. Exhaust fumes are hazardous and  
could possibly be deadly.  
8. Do not park on slopes unless wheels are chocked or  
blocked.  
Safety  
ProCore 648  
Rev. C  
Page 1 -- 2  
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7. Anytime the machine is parked (short or long term),  
install the service latch to secure the coring head in the  
raised position. This eliminates the risk of the coring  
head accidentally lowering to the ground.  
8. Do not park on slopes unless wheels are chocked or  
blocked.  
Maintenance and Service  
1. Before servicing or making adjustments, position  
machine on level surface, raise coring head, set parking  
brake, stop engine and remove key from the ignition  
switch. Install the service latch to secure the coring head  
in the raised position.  
11.Do not overspeed the engine by changing governor  
setting. To assure safety and accuracy, check maximum  
engine speed with a tachometer.  
12.Shut engine off before checking or adding oil to the  
engine crankcase.  
2. Make sure machine is in safe operating condition by  
keeping all nuts, bolts and screws tight.  
13.Disconnect battery before servicing the machine.  
Disconnect negative battery cable first and positive batꢀ  
tery cable last. If battery voltage is required for troubleꢀ  
shooting or test procedures, temporarily connect the  
battery. Reconnect positive battery cable first and negaꢀ  
tive battery cable last.  
3. Never store the machine or fuel container inside  
where there is an open flame, such as near a water heatꢀ  
er or furnace.  
4. Make sure all hydraulic line connectors are tight and  
all hydraulic hoses and lines are in good condition beꢀ  
fore applying pressure to the hydraulic system.  
14.Battery acid is poisonous and can cause burns.  
Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Protect your  
face, eyes and clothing when working with a battery.  
5. Keep body and hands away from pin hole leaks in hyꢀ  
draulic lines that eject high pressure hydraulic fluid. Use  
cardboard or paper to find hydraulic leaks. Hydraulic  
fluid escaping under pressure can penetrate skin and  
cause injury. Hydraulic fluid accidentally injected into  
the skin must be surgically removed within a few hours  
by a doctor familiar with this form of injury or gangrene  
may result.  
15.Battery gases can explode. Keep cigarettes, sparks  
and flames away from the battery.  
16.At the time of manufacture, the machine conformed  
to all applicable safety standards. To assure optimum  
performance and continued safety certification of the  
machine, use genuine Toro replacement parts and acꢀ  
cessories. Replacement parts and accessories made  
by other manufacturers may result in non-conformance  
with the safety standards, and the warranty may be  
voided.  
6. Before disconnecting any hydraulic component or  
performing any work on the hydraulic system, all presꢀ  
sure in system must be relieved. See Relieving Hydrauꢀ  
lic System Pressure in the General Information section  
of Chapter 4 – Hydraulic System.  
17.When changing tires or performing other service,  
use correct blocks, hoists and jacks. Make sure maꢀ  
chine is parked on a solid level floor such as a concrete  
floor. Prior to raising the machine, remove any attachꢀ  
ments that may interfere with the safe and proper raising  
of the machine. Always chock or block wheels. Use jack  
stands or solid wood blocks to support the raised maꢀ  
chine. If the machine is not properly supported by blocks  
or jack stands, the machine may move or fall, which may  
result in personal injury (see Jacking Instructions).  
7. If major repairs are ever needed or assistance is deꢀ  
sired, contact an Authorized Toro Distributor.  
8. Use care when checking or servicing the coring  
head: wear gloves and use caution.  
9. To reduce potential fire hazard, keep engine area  
free of excessive grease, grass, leaves and dirt.  
10.If engine must be running to perform maintenance or  
make an adjustment, keep hands, feet, clothing and othꢀ  
er parts of the body away from all moving machine parts.  
Keep bystanders away.  
ProCore 648  
Safety  
Page 1 – 3  
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Jacking Instructions  
CAUTION  
1
When changing attachments, tires or perform-  
ing other service, use correct blocks, hoists  
and jacks. Make sure machine is parked on a  
solid level surface such as a concrete floor.  
Prior to raising machine, remove any attach-  
ments that may interfere with the safe and prop-  
er raising of the machine. Always chock or  
block wheels. Use jack stands or solid wood  
blocks to support the raised machine. If the ma-  
chine is not properly supported by blocks or  
jack stands, the machine may move or fall,  
which may result in personal injury.  
Figure 1  
1. Front wheel  
2. Frame jacking point  
Jacking the Front End  
1. Set parking brake and chock rear tires to prevent the  
machine from moving. Install service latch to secure  
coring head.  
IMPORTANT: To prevent wheel motor damage, DO  
NOT use front wheel motor as a jacking point.  
2
2. Position jack securely under the front of the frame  
(Fig. 1).  
3. Jack front of machine off the ground.  
4. Position jack stands or hardwood blocks under the  
front of the frame to support the machine.  
1
Figure 2  
Jacking the Rear End  
1. Rear wheel  
2. Frame jacking point  
1. Chock front tire to prevent the machine from moving.  
Install service latch to secure coring head.  
2
IMPORTANT: To prevent wheel motor damage, DO  
NOT use rear wheel motor as a jacking point.  
2. Place jack securely under the frame plate just inside  
of the rear wheel (Fig. 2).  
NOTE: If available, a hoist can be used to lift the rear  
of the ProCore 648. Use eyelets in coring head bearing  
housings as hoist attachment points (Fig. 3).  
1
3. Jack (or lift) rear of machine off the ground.  
4. Position jack stands or hardwood blocks under the  
frame to support the machine.  
Figure 3  
1. Bearing housing  
2. Lifting eyelet  
Safety  
ProCore 648  
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Safety and Instruction Decals  
Numerous safety and instruction decals are affixed to  
the ProCore 648. If any decal becomes illegible or damꢀ  
aged, install a new decal. Part numbers for replacement  
decals are listed in your Parts Catalog. Order replaceꢀ  
ment decals from your Authorized Toro Distributor.  
ProCore 648  
Safety  
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Safety  
ProCore 648  
Page 1 – 6  
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Chapter 2  
Product Records and Maintenance  
Table of Contents  
PRODUCT RECORDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1  
MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1  
EQUIVALENTS AND CONVERSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . 2  
Decimal and Millimeter Equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . 2  
U.S. to Metric Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2  
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3  
Fastener Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3  
Standard Torque for Dry, Zinc Plated and  
Steel Fasteners (Inch Series) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4  
Standard Torque for Dry, Zinc Plated and  
Steel Fasteners (Metric Fasteners) . . . . . . . . . . 5  
Other Torque Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6  
Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6  
Product Records  
Insert Operator’s Manual and Parts Catalog for your  
ProCore 648 at the end of this chapter. Additionally, if  
any optional equipment or accessories have been  
installed to your ProCore, insert the Installation Instrucꢀ  
tions, Operator’s Manuals and Parts Catalogs for those  
options at the end of this chapter.  
Maintenance  
Maintenance procedures and recommended service inꢀ  
tervals for the ProCore 648 are covered in the Opera-  
tor’s Manual. Refer to that publication when performing  
regular equipment maintenance. Refer to the Engine  
Operator’s Manual for additional engine specific mainꢀ  
tenance procedures.  
ProCore 648  
Product Records and Maintenance  
Page 2 – 1  
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Equivalents and Conversions  
0.09375  
Product Records and Maintenance  
ProCore 648  
Rev. C  
Page 2 -- 2  
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Torque Specifications  
Recommended fastener torque values are listed in the  
following tables. For critical applications, as determined  
by Toro, either the recommended torque or a torque that  
is unique to the application is clearly identified and speꢀ  
cified in this Service Manual.  
As noted in the following tables, torque values should be  
reduced by 25% for lubricated fasteners to achieve  
the similar stress as a dry fastener. Torque values may  
also have to be reduced when the fastener is threaded  
into aluminum or brass. The specific torque value  
should be determined based on the aluminum or brass  
material strength, fastener size, length of thread enꢀ  
gagement, etc.  
These Torque Specifications for the installation and  
tightening of fasteners shall apply to all fasteners which  
do not have a specific requirement identified in this Serꢀ  
vice Manual. The following factors shall be considered  
when applying torque: cleanliness of the fastener, use  
of a thread sealant (e.g. Loctite), degree of lubrication  
on the fastener, presence of a prevailing torque feature,  
hardness of the surface underneath the fastener’s head  
or similar condition which affects the installation.  
The standard method of verifying torque shall be perꢀ  
formed by marking a line on the fastener (head or nut)  
and mating part, then back off fastener 1/4 of a turn.  
Measure the torque required to tighten the fastener until  
the lines match up.  
Fastener Identification  
Grade 1  
Grade 5  
Grade 8  
Class 8.8  
Class 10.9  
Inch Series Bolts and Screws  
Figure 1  
Metric Bolts and Screws  
Figure 2  
ProCore 648  
Product Records and Maintenance  
Page 2 – 3  
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Standard Torque for Dry, Zinc Plated and Steel Fasteners (Inch Series)  
Grade 1, 5 &  
8 with Thin  
Height Nuts  
SAE Grade 1 Bolts, Screws, Studs &  
Sems with Regular Height Nuts  
(SAE J995 Grade 2 or Stronger Nuts)  
SAE Grade 5 Bolts, Screws, Studs &  
Sems with Regular Height Nuts  
(SAE J995 Grade 2 or Stronger Nuts)  
SAE Grade 8 Bolts, Screws, Studs &  
Sems with Regular Height Nuts  
(SAE J995 Grade 5 or Stronger Nuts)  
Thread Size  
in–lb  
in–lb  
N–cm  
in–lb  
15 + 2  
N–cm  
170 + 20  
190 + 20  
330 + 30  
350 + 30  
475 + 45  
540 + 45  
1125 + 100  
1300 + 100  
2250 + 280  
2540 + 280  
N–m  
in–lb  
23 + 2  
N–cm  
260 + 20  
280 + 20  
460 + 45  
485 + 45  
675 + 70  
765 + 70  
1580 + 170  
1800 + 170  
3390 + 340  
3670 + 340  
N–m  
# 6 – 32 UNC  
# 6 – 40 UNF  
# 8 – 32 UNC  
# 8 – 36 UNF  
# 10 – 24 UNC  
# 10 – 32 UNF  
1/4 – 20 UNC  
1/4 – 28 UNF  
5/16 – 18 UNC  
5/16 – 24 UNF  
10 + 2  
13 + 2  
147 + 23  
17 + 2  
25 + 2  
29 + 3  
41 + 4  
13 + 2  
18 + 2  
25 + 5  
30 + 5  
282 + 30  
339 + 56  
31 + 3  
43 + 4  
42 + 4  
60 + 6  
48 + 4  
68 + 6  
48 + 7  
53 + 7  
53 + 7  
65 + 10  
105 + 17  
128 + 17  
ft–lb  
599 + 79  
734 + 113  
1186 + 169  
1446 + 192  
N–m  
100 + 10  
115 + 10  
200 + 25  
225 + 25  
ft–lb  
140 + 15  
160 + 15  
300 + 30  
325 + 30  
ft–lb  
115 + 15  
138 + 17  
ft–lb  
3/8 – 16 UNC  
3/8 – 24 UNF  
7/16 – 14 UNC  
7/16 – 20 UNF  
1/2 – 13 UNC  
1/2 – 20 UNF  
5/8 – 11 UNC  
5/8 – 18 UNF  
3/4 – 10 UNC  
3/4 – 16 UNF  
7/8 – 9 UNC  
16 + 2  
16 + 2  
22 + 3  
30 + 3  
41 + 4  
43 + 4  
58 + 5  
17 + 2  
18 + 2  
24 + 3  
35 + 3  
47 + 4  
50 + 4  
68 + 5  
27 + 3  
27 + 3  
37 + 4  
50 + 5  
68 + 7  
70 + 7  
95 + 9  
29 + 3  
29 + 3  
39 + 4  
55 + 5  
75 + 7  
77 + 7  
104 + 9  
30 + 3  
48 + 7  
65 + 9  
75 + 8  
102 + 11  
115 + 11  
203 + 20  
230 + 20  
359 + 34  
407 + 34  
583 + 61  
644 + 61  
105 + 10  
120 + 10  
210 + 20  
240 + 20  
375 + 35  
420 + 35  
600 + 60  
660 + 60  
142 + 14  
163 + 14  
285 + 27  
325 + 27  
508 + 47  
569 + 47  
813 + 81  
895 + 81  
32 + 3  
53 + 7  
72 + 9  
85 + 8  
65 + 10  
75 + 10  
93 + 12  
115 + 15  
140 + 20  
155 + 25  
88 + 12  
95 + 15  
140 + 20  
165 + 25  
225 + 25  
260 + 30  
119 + 16  
129 + 20  
190 + 27  
224 + 34  
305 + 34  
353 + 41  
150 + 15  
170 + 15  
265 + 25  
300 + 25  
430 + 45  
475 + 45  
7/8 – 14 UNF  
NOTE: Reduce torque values listed in the table above  
by 25% for lubricated fasteners. Lubricated fasteners  
are defined as threads coated with a lubricant such as  
oil, graphite or thread sealant such as Loctite.  
NOTE: The nominal torque values listed above for  
Grade 5 and 8 fasteners are based on 75% of the miniꢀ  
mum proof load specified in SAE J429. The tolerance is  
approximately + 10% of the nominal torque value. Thin  
height nuts include jam nuts.  
NOTE: Torque values may have to be reduced when  
installing fasteners into threaded aluminum or brass.  
The specific torque value should be determined based  
on the fastener size, the aluminum or base material  
strength, length of thread engagement, etc.  
Product Records and Maintenance  
ProCore 648  
Page 2 – 4  
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Standard Torque for Dry, Zinc Plated and Steel Fasteners (Metric Fasteners)  
Class 8.8 Bolts, Screws and Studs with  
Regular Height Nuts  
Class 10.9 Bolts, Screws and Studs with  
Thread Size  
Regular Height Nuts  
(Class 8 or Stronger Nuts)  
(Class 10 or Stronger Nuts)  
M5 X 0.8  
M6 X 1.0  
57 + 5 in–lb  
96 + 9 in–lb  
19 + 2 ft–lb  
38 + 4 ft–lb  
66 + 7 ft–lb  
166 + 15 ft–lb  
325 + 33 ft–lb  
640 + 60 N–cm  
1018 + 100 N–cm  
26 + 3 N–m  
78 + 7 in–lb  
885 + 80 N–cm  
1500 + 150 N–cm  
36 + 3 N–m  
133 + 13 in–lb  
27 + 2 ft–lb  
M8 X 1.25  
M10 X 1.5  
M12 X 1.75  
M16 X 2.0  
M20 X 2.5  
52 + 5 N–m  
53 + 5 ft–lb  
72 + 7 N–m  
90 + 10 N–m  
225 + 20 N–m  
440 + 45 N–m  
92 + 9 ft–lb  
125 + 12 N–m  
310 + 30 N–m  
610 + 50 N–m  
229 + 22 ft–lb  
450 + 37 ft–lb  
NOTE: Reduce torque values listed in the table above  
by 25% for lubricated fasteners. Lubricated fasteners  
are defined as threads coated with a lubricant such as  
oil, graphite or thread sealant such as Loctite.  
NOTE: The nominal torque values listed above are  
based on 75% of the minimum proof load specified in  
SAE J1199. The tolerance is approximately + 10% of the  
nominal torque value.  
NOTE: Torque values may have to be reduced when  
installing fasteners into threaded aluminum or brass.  
The specific torque value should be determined based  
on the fastener size, the aluminum or base material  
strength, length of thread engagement, etc.  
ProCore 648  
Product Records and Maintenance  
Page 2 – 5  
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Other Torque Specifications  
SAE Grade 8 Steel Set Screws  
Wheel Bolts and Lug Nuts  
Thread Size Recommended Torque**  
65 + 10 ft–lb 88 + 14 N–m  
Recommended Torque  
Thread Size  
Square Head  
140 + 20 in–lb  
215 + 35 in–lb  
35 + 10 ft–lb  
75 + 15 ft–lb  
Hex Socket  
73 + 12 in–lb  
145 + 20 in–lb  
18 + 3 ft–lb  
7/16 – 20 UNF  
Grade 5  
1/4 – 20 UNC  
5/16 – 18 UNC  
3/8 – 16 UNC  
1/2 – 13 UNC  
1/2 – 20 UNF  
Grade 5  
80 + 10 ft–lb 108 + 14 N–m  
80 + 10 ft–lb 108 + 14 N–m  
80 + 10 ft–lb 108 + 14 N–m  
M12 X 1.25  
Class 8.8  
50 + 10 ft–lb  
M12 X 1.5  
Class 8.8  
** For steel wheels and non–lubricated fasteners.  
Thread Cutting Screws  
(Zinc Plated Steel)  
Thread Cutting Screws  
(Zinc Plated Steel)  
Type 1, Type 23 or Type F  
Thread Threads per Inch  
Size  
Baseline Torque*  
Thread Size  
Baseline Torque*  
20 + 5 in–lb  
Type A Type B  
No. 6 – 32 UNC  
No. 8 – 32 UNC  
No. 10 – 24 UNC  
1/4 – 20 UNC  
No. 6  
No. 8  
18  
15  
12  
11  
20  
18  
16  
14  
20 + 5 in–lb  
30 + 5 in–lb  
38 + 7 in–lb  
85 + 15 in–lb  
30 + 5 in–lb  
38 + 7 in–lb  
No. 10  
No. 12  
85 + 15 in–lb  
110 + 20 in–lb  
200 + 100 in–lb  
5/16 – 18 UNC  
3/8 – 16 UNC  
* Hole size, material strength, material thickness & finish  
must be considered when determining specific torque  
values. All torque values are based on non–lubricated  
fasteners.  
Conversion Factors  
in–lb X 11.2985 = N–cm  
N–cm X 0.08851 = in–lb  
ft–lb X 1.3558 = N–m  
N–m X 0.7376 = ft–lb  
Product Records and Maintenance  
ProCore 648  
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Chapter 3  
Kohler Engine  
Table of Contents  
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2  
SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3  
GENERAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4  
Fuel Shutoff Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4  
ADJUSTMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5  
Adjust Choke Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5  
Adjust Engine Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5  
SERVICE AND REPAIRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7  
Cooling System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7  
Fuel System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8  
Exhaust System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10  
Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12  
Belt Tensioners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16  
KOHLER ENGINE SERVICE MANUAL  
ProCore 648  
Page 3 – 1  
Kohler Engine  
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Introduction  
This Chapter gives information about specifications and  
repair of the Kohler engine used in the ProCore 648.  
Most repairs and adjustments require tools which are  
commonly available in many service shops. Special  
tools are described in the Kohler Engine Service Manuꢀ  
al. The use of some specialized test equipment is exꢀ  
plained. However, the cost of the test equipment and the  
specialized nature of some repairs may dictate that the  
work be done at an engine repair facility.  
General engine maintenance procedures are described  
in your Operator’s Manual. Information on engine trouꢀ  
bleshooting, testing, disassembly, and reassembly is  
identified in the Kohler Engine Service Manual that is inꢀ  
cluded at the end of this section.  
Service and repair parts for Kohler engines are supplied  
through your local Kohler dealer or distributor.  
Kohler Engine  
ProCore 648  
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Specifications  
Item  
Description  
Make / Designation  
Kohler, CH23S, 4–stroke, V–Twin  
Air Cooled, OHV  
Number of Cylinders  
Bore x Stroke  
2
3.15” x 2.64” (80 mm x 67 mm)  
41.1 Cubic Inches (674 cc)  
8.5:1  
Total Displacement  
Compression Ratio  
Dry Weight (approximate)  
Fuel  
90 Pounds (41 Kilograms)  
Unleaded, Regular Gasoline (Minimum 87 Octane)  
7.5 U.S. Gallons (28.4 Liters)  
Mechanical  
Fuel Tank Capacity  
Governor  
Idle Speed (no load)  
High Idle (no load)  
Engine Oil  
1400 + 50 RPM  
3400 + 50 RPM  
See Operator’s Manual  
Gear driven trochoid type  
2 U.S. Quart (1.9 Liters) with filter  
12 VDC  
Oil Pump  
Crankcase Oil Capacity  
Starter  
ProCore 648  
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General Information  
Fuel Shutoff Valve  
The fuel shutoff valve located under the fuel tank (Fig.  
1) should be closed when removing the fuel tank or enꢀ  
gine from the machine. Additionally, close the shutoff  
valve if the machine is being transported on a trailer or  
when placing the machine in long term storage.  
1
Figure 1  
1. Fuel shutoff valve (under the fuel tank)  
Kohler Engine  
ProCore 648  
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Adjustments  
Adjust Choke Control  
Proper choke operation is dependent upon proper adꢀ  
justment of choke control cable.  
1
1. Park machine on a level surface, fully raise coring  
head, engage parking brake, stop engine and remove  
key from the ignition switch.  
2. Remove air cleaner cover from engine to view choke  
plate in carburetor.  
2
3. Move choke control lever to RUN position. Check  
that choke plate in carburetor is fully open.  
4. Move choke control lever to CHOKE position. Check  
that choke plate in carburetor is fully closed.  
Figure 2  
5. If needed, choke cable can be adjusted by loosening  
cable clamp screw and repositioning control cable until  
choke plate operates correctly.  
1. Choke cable  
2. Cable clamp  
6. Install air cleaner cover to engine.  
Adjust Engine Speed  
1. Allow engine to reach operating temperature before  
checking or adjusting engine speed. Park machine on  
a level surface, fully raise coring head and apply parking  
brake.  
2. With engine running, move throttle control lever to  
FAST (high idle) position.  
1
3. Using a tachometer, check that engine is operating  
at 3400 + 50 RPM.  
4. If high idle speed is incorrect, adjust high speed  
screw on governor assembly until high idle is 3400 + 50  
RPM (Fig. 3).  
Figure 3  
1. High speed screw  
5. Move throttle control lever to SLOW (idle speed)  
position.  
6. Using a tachometer, check that engine is operating  
at 1400 + 50 RPM.  
7. For additional information, refer to the Kohler Engine  
Service Manual that is included at the end of this Chapꢀ  
ter.  
ProCore 648  
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Kohler Engine  
ProCore 648  
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Service and Repairs  
Cooling System  
To ensure proper engine cooling, make sure the grass  
screen, cooling fins and other external surfaces of the  
engine are kept clean at all times.  
1
1
NOTE: Perform this maintenance procedure at the in-  
terval specified in the Operator’s Manual.  
IMPORTANT: The engine that powers the ProCore  
648 is air–cooled. Operating the engine with dirty or  
plugged cooling fins, a blocked grass screen or a  
plugged or dirty blower housing will result in en-  
gine overheating and engine damage.  
3
1. Park machine on a level surface, fully raise coring  
head, engage parking brake, stop engine and remove  
key from the ignition switch.  
2
Figure 4  
IMPORTANT: Never clean engine with pressurized  
water. Water could enter and contaminate the fuel  
system.  
1. Cylinder head  
2. Grass screen  
3. Blower housing  
2. Clean cooling fins on both cylinder heads.  
3. Clean grass screen and blower housing of dirt and  
debris (Fig. 4).  
4. If blower housing removal is necessary for cooling  
system cleaning, engine needs to be removed from ma-  
chine (see Engine Removal and Installation in this sec-  
tion).  
IMPORTANT: Never operate engine without the  
blower housing installed. Overheating and engine  
damage will result.  
5. Make sure grass screen and blower housing are re-  
installed to the engine if removed.  
ProCore 648  
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Kohler Engine  
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Fuel System  
2
RIGHT  
FRONT  
1
12  
Anti–seize  
Lubricant  
8
3
7
4
6
9
5
11  
8
6
10  
10  
30 to 60 in–lb  
(3.4 to 6.8 N–m)  
Figure 5  
1. Fuel tank  
2. Fuel cap  
3. Hose clamp  
4. Fuel hose  
5. Fuel shut–off valve  
6. Hose clamp  
9. Clamp  
10. Cap screw (4 used)  
7. Fuel hose  
11. Flange bushing (4 used)  
12. Machine frame  
8. Flat washer (4 used)  
Check Fuel Lines and Connections  
DANGER  
Check fuel lines and connections periodically as recom-  
mended in the Operator’s Manual. Check fuel lines for  
deterioration, damage or leaking connections. Replace  
hoses, clamps and connections as necessary.  
Because gasoline is highly flammable, use cau-  
tion when storing or handling it. Do not smoke  
while filling the fuel tank. Do not fill fuel tank  
while engine is running, hot, or when machine is  
in an enclosed area. Always fill fuel tank outside  
and wipe up any spilled fuel before starting the  
engine. Store fuel in a clean, safety–approved  
container and keep cap in place. Use gasoline  
for the engine only; not for any other purpose.  
Drain and Clean Fuel Tank  
Drain and clean the fuel tank periodically as recom-  
mended in the Operator’s Manual. Also, drain and clean  
the fuel tank if the fuel system becomes contaminated  
or if the machine is to be stored for an extended period.  
To clean fuel tank, flush tank out with clean solvent.  
Make sure tank is free of contaminates and debris.  
Kohler Engine  
ProCore 648  
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Fuel Tank Removal (Fig. 5)  
2
1. Park machine on a level surface, fully raise coring  
head, engage parking brake, stop engine and remove  
key from the ignition switch. Secure coring head with  
service latch.  
3
2. Close tank fuel shut–off valve. Disconnect fuel hose  
from the fuel filter (Fig. 6).  
3. Use shut–off valve to empty fuel tank into a suitable  
container.  
1
4. Remove fuel tank using Figure 5 as a guide.  
Fuel Tank Installation (Fig. 5)  
Figure 6  
1. Install fuel tank to frame using Figure 5 as a guide.  
Apply anti–seize lubricant to fuel tank cap screws and  
torque screws from 30 to 60 in–lb (3.4 to 6.8 N–m).  
1. Fuel shut–off valve  
2. Fuel filter  
3. Fuel hose  
2. Connect fuel hose to the fuel filter.  
3. Fill fuel tank (see Operator’s Manual). Open fuel  
shut–off valve.  
4. Return coring head service latch to stored position  
before using machine.  
ProCore 648  
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Kohler Engine  
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Exhaust System  
17 to 21 ft–lb  
(23.1 to 28.5 N–m)  
1
FRONT  
RIGHT  
3
4
11  
6
2
7
5
7
8
8
9
10  
12  
13  
14  
15  
Figure 7  
1. Engine  
6. Muffler bracket  
11. Heat shield  
2. Exhaust manifold  
3. Hex nut (4 used)  
4. Frame  
7. Flange head screw (3 used)  
8. Muffler clamp (2 used)  
9. Exhaust elbow  
12. Lock washer (2 used)  
13. Cap screw (2 used)  
14. Flange nut (2 used)  
15. Muffler  
5. Flange nut (2 used)  
10. Carriage screw (2 used)  
Kohler Engine  
ProCore 648  
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Removal (Fig. 7)  
Installation (Fig. 7)  
NOTE: Make sure exhaust manifold and engine sealꢀ  
ing surfaces are free of debris or damage that may preꢀ  
vent a tight, leak–free seal.  
CAUTION  
The muffler and exhaust pipe may be hot. To  
avoid possible burns, allow the engine and exꢀ  
haust system to cool before working on the exꢀ  
haust system.  
1. If exhaust manifold was removed, place exhaust  
gaskets on the engine exhaust manifold studs. Secure  
exhaust manifold to engine with four hex nuts. Torque  
hex nuts from 17 to 21 ft–lb (23.1 to 28.5 N–m).  
1. Park machine on a level surface, fully raise coring  
head, engage parking brake, stop engine and remove  
key from the ignition switch. Secure coring head with  
service latch.  
IMPORTANT: Finger tighten all exhaust system  
fasteners before securing so there is no preload on  
exhaust components.  
2. Position muffler clamps over exhaust elbow and  
muffler inlets.  
2. Remove fasteners that secure exhaust heat shield  
to machine (flange head screw and two (2) cap screws  
with lock washers). Remove heat shield from machine.  
3. Slide exhaust elbow onto exhaust manifold and then  
slide muffler onto elbow.  
3. Loosen muffler clamps that secure muffler and exꢀ  
haust elbow.  
4. Secure muffler to frame with two (2) carriage screws  
and flange nuts.  
4. Remove two (2) flange nuts that secure muffler to  
frame. Retrieve two (2) carriage screws. Remove mufꢀ  
fler and exhaust elbow from machine.  
5. Tighten muffler clamps.  
6. Position exhaust heat shield to machine and secure  
with flange head screw and two (2) cap screws with lock  
washers.  
5. If exhaust manifold removal is required, remove four  
(4) hex nuts from the exhaust manifold studs on engine.  
Separate the exhaust manifold from the engine.  
7. Return coring head service latch to stored position  
before using machine.  
6. Remove exhaust gaskets.  
ProCore 648  
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Kohler Engine  
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Engine  
1
2
3
FRONT  
RIGHT  
4
5
6
7
9
11  
12  
16  
12  
8
19  
10  
13  
13  
14  
21  
15  
17  
18  
19  
19  
20  
8
Figure 8  
1. Engine  
8. Cap screw (4 used)  
15. Carriage screw (2 used)  
16. Heat shield  
2. Negative battery cable  
3. Wire harness ground  
4. Flange screw  
9. Frame  
10. Flange nut (2 used)  
11. Muffler bracket  
12. Flange head screw (3 used)  
13. Muffler clamp (2 used)  
14. Exhaust elbow  
17. Lock washer (2 used)  
18. Cap screw (2 used)  
19. Flange nut (6 used)  
20. Muffler  
5. Lock washer  
6. Exhaust manifold  
7. Hex nut (4 used)  
21. Starter cable  
Removal (Fig. 8)  
4. Remove exhaust system (see Exhaust System Re-  
moval in this section).  
1. Park machine on a level surface, fully raise coring  
head, engage parking brake, stop engine and remove  
key from the ignition switch. Secure coring head with  
service latch. Chock wheels to keep the machine from  
moving.  
5. Close fuel tank shut--off valve.  
6. Loosen hose clamp and disconnect fuel hose from  
the fuel filter on the front side of the engine. Plug fuel  
hose to prevent leakage and contamination.  
2. Disconnect negative (--) and then positive (+) battery  
cables at the battery.  
3. Remove pump belt cover from machine (see Opera-  
tor’s Manual).  
Kohler Engine  
ProCore 648  
Rev. C  
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7. Disconnect electrical connections from engine.  
NOTE: Label all electrical connections for reassembly  
purposes.  
2
1
A. Remove harness red wire and positive battery  
cable from the starter motor solenoid stud (Fig. 9).  
B. Disconnect negative battery cable and wire har-  
ness ground wire from the front corner of engine  
base (Fig. 10). Locate and retrieve starwasher from  
between engine and wire connectors.  
3
C. Unplug machine harness connector from electric  
clutch.  
Figure 9  
1. Solenoid stud  
2. Positive battery cable  
3. Harness red wire  
D. Remove cable tie that secures hourmeter wire to  
spark plug wire. Position hourmeter wire clear of en-  
gine.  
E. Unplug machine wire harness connector from en-  
gine connector. Position wiring harness away from  
the engine.  
2
8. Remove primary drive belt (coring head) (see Prima-  
ry Drive Belt in the Service and Repairs section of Chap-  
ter 7 – Coring Head).  
9. Remove hydraulic pump drive belt (see Pump Drive  
Belt in the Service and Repairs section of Chapter 4 –  
Hydraulic System).  
1
3
10.Remove engine from machine:  
Figure 10  
1. Flange head screw  
2. Wire harness ground  
3. Negative battery cable  
A. Connect a hoist or chain fall to lift tabs located on  
each of the cylinder heads.  
B. Remove four (4) cap screws and flange nuts that  
secure the engine to the machine frame.  
1
Anti–seize  
Lubricant  
3
CAUTION  
4
One person should operate lift or hoist while  
another person guides the engine out of the ma-  
chine.  
IMPORTANT: Make sure not to damage the engine,  
fuel hoses, hydraulic lines, electrical harness or  
other parts while removing the engine.  
2
50 to 55 ft–lb  
(67.8 to 74.6 N–m)  
C. Remove engine from the machine.  
5
11.If needed, remove electric clutch (see Electric Clutch  
in the Service and Repairs section of Chapter 5 – Electri-  
cal System) and hydraulic pump drive pulley from en-  
gine (Fig. 11).  
Figure 11  
1. Engine  
2. Pump pulley  
3. Electric clutch  
4. Hardened washer  
5. Cap screw  
12.If needed, remove belt tensioning components from  
engine (see Belt Tensioners in this section).  
ProCore 648  
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Installation (Fig. 8)  
B. Wrap hourmeter wire around spark plug wire and  
secure with cable tie.  
1. Locate machine on a level surface with key removed  
from the ignition switch. Chock wheels to keep the maꢀ  
chine from moving.  
C. Position negative battery cable and wire harness  
ground wire to the front corner of engine base (Fig.  
10). Place starwasher between engine and wire conꢀ  
nectors and secure with flange head screw.  
2. Make sure that all parts removed from the engine  
during maintenance or rebuilding are reinstalled to the  
engine.  
D. Plug machine harness connector to electric  
clutch.  
3. If electric clutch and hydraulic pump drive pulley  
were removed from engine crankshaft (Fig. 11):  
E. Connect red wire and positive battery cable to the  
starter motor solenoid stud (Fig. 9).  
A. Apply anti–seize lubricant to crankshaft.  
7. After engine installation, verify pulley alignment  
across engine and hydraulic pump pulley faces with a  
straight edge. If necessary, loosen two (2) set screws on  
hydraulic pump pulley and adjust location of pulley. Reꢀ  
tighten pulley set screws after adjustment.  
B. Install hydraulic pump drive pulley with the hub  
away from engine.  
C. Slide clutch onto crankshaft and secure to crankꢀ  
shaft with screw and hardened washer. Hold hardꢀ  
ened washer with pliers to prevent crankshaft from  
turning and torque screw from 50 to 55 ft–lb (67.9 to  
74.6 N–m).  
8. Install hydraulic pump drive belt (see Pump Drive  
Belt in the Service and Repairs section of Chapter 4 –  
Hydraulic System).  
4. If removed, install belt tensioner components to enꢀ  
gine assembly (see Belt Tensioners in this section).  
9. Adjust hydraulic pump drive belt tension (see Opera-  
tor’s Manual).  
5. Reinstall engine to machine.  
10.Install primary drive belt (coring head) (see Primary  
Drive Belt in the Service and Repairs section of Chapter  
7 – Coring Head).  
A. Connect a hoist or chain fall to lift tabs located on  
each of the cylinder heads.  
11.Remove plug installed in fuel hose during disassemꢀ  
bly. Connect fuel hose to the fuel filter and secure with  
hose clamp.  
CAUTION  
12.Install exhaust system (see Exhaust System Instalꢀ  
lation in this section).  
One person should operate lift or hoist while  
another person guides the engine to the maꢀ  
chine.  
13.Check engine oil level (see Operator’s Manual).  
IMPORTANT: Make sure not to damage the engine,  
fuel hoses, hydraulic lines, electrical harness or  
other parts while installing the engine.  
14.Check all wires, control cables and hoses to make  
sure that they are not contacted by rotating or moving  
parts.  
B. Reinstall engine to the machine. Make sure fasꢀ  
tener holes of the engine are aligned with the holes in  
the machine frame.  
15.Connect positive (+) and then negative (–) battery  
cables at the battery.  
16.Install pump belt cover to machine (see Operator’s  
Manual).  
C. Secure engine to the frame with four (4) cap  
screws and flange nuts. The front two (2) cap screws  
should be positioned down through engine and  
frame. The rear two (2) cap screws should be up  
through frame and engine.  
17.Open fuel shut–off valve under the fuel tank.  
18.Return coring head service latch to stored position  
before using machine.  
6. Reconnect electrical connections to engine:  
A. Plug engine wire harness connector into machine  
harness connector.  
Kohler Engine  
ProCore 648  
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Kohler Engine  
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Belt Tensioners  
26  
27  
41 to 49 ft–lb  
(55.6 to 66.4 N–m)  
25  
26  
4
28  
23  
29  
21  
20  
30  
31  
19  
18  
16  
15  
23  
14  
32  
34  
24  
4
23  
33  
12  
22  
41 to 49 ft–lb  
(55.6 to 66.4 N–m)  
17  
1
13  
Anti–seize  
Lubricant  
11  
8
8
4
9
7
9
10  
2
7
50 to 55 ft–lb  
(67.8 to 74.6 N–m)  
6
3
5
Figure 12  
1. Engine  
13. Flange nut  
24. Spacer (.750” long)  
2. Hydraulic pump drive pulley  
3. Electric clutch  
4. Flange nut  
14. Flat washer  
15. Idler arm assembly  
16. Washer  
25. Idler mounting bracket  
26. Spacer (.560” long)  
27. Lock nut  
5. Hardened washer  
6. Cap screw  
7. Flat washer  
8. Grommet  
9. Spacer  
10. Cap screw  
11. Clutch strap  
12. Cap screw  
17. Idler spacer  
18. Idler arm spacer  
19. Torsion spring  
20. Idler pulley  
21. Hardened washer  
22. Cap screw  
23. Cap screw  
28. Idler support  
29. Flange head screw  
30. Spring bracket  
31. Spring  
32. Flange head screw  
33. Idler pulley  
34. Bracket (fastens to machine frame)  
Kohler Engine  
ProCore 648  
Page 3 – 16  
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Removal (Fig. 12)  
Installation (Fig. 12)  
1. Release tension on idler torsion spring (item 19):  
1. Install belt tensioner components to engine using  
Figure 12 as a guide.  
2. Install the hydraulic pump drive belt and primary  
drive belt (coring head).  
CAUTION  
Be careful when removing or applying tension  
from or to the torsion spring of the idler pulley.  
The spring is under heavy load and may cause  
personal injury.  
3. Apply tension to idler torsion spring (item 19):  
A. Insert nut driver or small piece of pipe onto the  
end of the torsion spring.  
B. Push down on the spring end and hook the spring  
under the idler mounting bracket notch. Release the  
spring slowly to lock it into place.  
A. Insert nut driver or small piece of pipe onto the  
end of the torsion spring.  
B. Push down on the spring end and unhook the  
spring from the idler mounting bracket.  
4. Adjust the hydraulic pump drive belt (see Operator’s  
Manual) and primary drive belt (coring head) (see Priꢀ  
mary Drive Belt in the Service and Repairs section of  
Chapter 7 – Coring Head).  
2. Remove belt tensioner components from engine as  
needed using Figure 12 as a guide.  
ProCore 648  
Page 3 – 17  
Kohler Engine  
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Kohler Engine  
ProCore 648  
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Chapter 4  
Hydraulic System  
Table of Contents  
SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2  
GENERAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4  
Hydraulic Hoses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4  
Hydraulic Fitting Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4  
Pushing/Pulling Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6  
Check Hydraulic Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6  
Relieving Hydraulic System Pressure . . . . . . . . . . 6  
HYDRAULIC SCHEMATIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7  
HYDRAULIC FLOW DIAGRAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8  
Traction Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8  
Coring Head Raise/Lower Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . 10  
SPECIAL TOOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12  
Hydraulic Pressure Test Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12  
Hydraulic Tester (Pressure and Flow) . . . . . . . . . 12  
Hydraulic Test Fitting Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13  
Wheel Hub Puller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13  
TROUBLESHOOTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14  
TESTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17  
Charge Pressure Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18  
Coring Head Raise/Lower Relief (R1)  
SERVICE AND REPAIRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30  
General Precautions for Removing and Installing  
Hydraulic System Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30  
Check Hydraulic Lines and Hoses . . . . . . . . . . . . 30  
Flush Hydraulic System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31  
Hydraulic System Start--up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32  
Hydraulic Pump Drive Belt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34  
Hydraulic Pump Control Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . 36  
Hydraulic (Traction/Charge) Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . 38  
Hydraulic (Traction/Charge) Pump Service . . . . . 41  
Wheel Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42  
Wheel Motor Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44  
Hydraulic Lift Control Manifold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46  
Hydraulic Lift Control Manifold Service . . . . . . . . 48  
Lift Cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50  
Lift Cylinder Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52  
Hydraulic Reservoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54  
HYDRO--GEAR BDP--10A/16A/21L HYDROSTATIC  
PUMPS SERVICE AND REPAIR MANUAL  
SAUERDANFOSSGROUP2GEARPUMPSANDMO-  
TORS SERVICE MANUAL  
SAUER DANFOSS OMEW HYDRAULIC MOTOR  
SERVICE MANUAL  
Pressure Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20  
Traction (Piston) Pump (P1) Flow Test . . . . . . . . 22  
Traction Circuit Relief Pressure Test . . . . . . . . . . 24  
Gear Pump (P2) Flow Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26  
Wheel Motor Efficiency Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28  
Rev. C  
ProCore 648  
Page 4 -- 1  
Hydraulic System  
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Specifications  
Item  
Description  
Traction Pump (P1)  
Displacement at full stroke (per revolution)  
Forward relief pressure  
Variable displacement piston pump  
.976 Cubic Inches (16 cc)  
2900 PSI (200 Bar)  
Reverse relief pressure  
2900 PSI (200 Bar)  
Charge/Lift Pump (P2)  
Displacement (per revolution)  
Charge Pressure  
Gear pump  
.37 Cubic Inches (6.1 cc)  
40 PSI (2.8 Bar)  
Lift System Relief (R1) Pressure  
1000 PSI (69 Bar)  
Front Wheel Motor  
Displacement  
Orbital rotor motor  
24 Cubic Inches (393 cc)  
Rear Wheel Motors  
Displacement  
Orbital rotor motor  
12 Cubic Inches (197 cc)  
Hydraulic Filter  
Spin–on cartridge type  
See Operator’s Manual  
Hydraulic Oil  
Hydraulic Reservoir Capacity  
Total Hydraulic System Capacity  
1.75 U.S. Gal. (6.6 L)  
3 U.S. Gal. (11.4 L) (Approximate)  
Hydraulic System  
Page 4 – 2  
ProCore 648  
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ProCore 648  
Page 4 – 3  
Hydraulic System  
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General Information  
Hydraulic Hoses  
Hydraulic hoses are subject to extreme conditions such  
as pressure differentials during operation and exposure  
to weather, sun, chemicals, very warm storage condiꢀ  
tions, or mishandling during operation and mainteꢀ  
nance. These conditions can cause damage or  
premature deterioration. Some hoses are more suscepꢀ  
tible to these conditions than others. Inspect the hoses  
frequently for signs of deterioration or damage.  
WARNING  
Before disconnecting or performing any work  
on hydraulic system, relieve all pressure in  
system. See Relieving Hydraulic System Presꢀ  
sure in this section.  
Keep body and hands away from pin hole leaks  
or nozzles that eject hydraulic fluid under high  
pressure. Use paper or cardboard, not hands,  
to search for leaks. Hydraulic fluid escaping  
under pressure can have sufficient force to  
penetrate the skin and cause serious injury. If  
fluid is injected into the skin, it must be surgiꢀ  
cally removed within a few hours by a doctor  
familiar with this type of injury. Gangrene may  
result from such an injury.  
When replacing a hydraulic hose, be sure that the hose  
is straight (not twisted) before tightening the fittings.  
This can be done by observing the imprint on the hose.  
Use two wrenches; hold the hose straight with one  
wrench and tighten the hose swivel nut onto the fitting  
with the other wrench.  
Hydraulic Fitting Installation  
O–Ring Face Seal  
Nut  
Body  
1. Make sure both threads and sealing surfaces are  
free of burrs, nicks, scratches, or any foreign material.  
Sleeve  
2. Make sure the O–ring is installed and properly  
seated in the groove. It is recommended that the O–ring  
be replaced any time the connection is opened.  
Seal  
3. Lubricate the O–ring with a light coating of oil.  
4. Put the tube and nut squarely into position on the  
face seal end of the fitting and tighten the nut until finger  
tight.  
Figure 1  
5. Mark the nut and fitting body. Hold the body with a  
wrench. Use another wrench to tighten the nut to the cor-  
rect Flats From Finger Tight (F.F.F.T.). The markings on  
the nut and fitting body will verify that the connection has  
been tightened.  
Final  
Position  
Mark Nut  
and Body  
Initial  
Extend Line  
Position  
Size  
F.F.F.T.  
4 (1/4 in. nominal hose or tubing)  
6 (3/8 in.)  
8 (1/2 in.)  
10 (5/8 in.)  
12 (3/4 in.)  
0.75 + 0.25  
0.75 + 0.25  
0.75 + 0.25  
1.00 + 0.25  
0.75 + 0.25  
0.75 + 0.25  
Finger Tight  
After Proper Tightening  
Figure 2  
16 (1 in.)  
Hydraulic System  
Page 4 – 4  
ProCore 648  
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SAE Straight Thread O–Ring Port – Non–adjustable  
1. Make sure both threads and sealing surfaces are  
free of burrs, nicks, scratches, or any foreign material.  
2. Always replace the O–ring seal when this type of fitꢀ  
ting shows signs of leakage.  
O–Ring  
3. Lubricate the O–ring with a light coating of oil.  
4. Install the fitting into the port and tighten it down full  
length until finger tight.  
Figure 3  
5. Tighten the fitting to the correct Flats From Finger  
Tight (F.F.F.T.).  
Fitting Size  
Installation Torque  
9–10 ft–lb (12–13 N–m)  
20–21 ft–lb (27–28 N–m)  
35–37 ft–lb (47–50 N–m)  
60–66 ft–lb (81–89 N–m)  
81–87 ft–lb (110–117 N–m)  
121–131 ft–lb (164–177 N–m)  
4
6
Size  
F.F.F.T.  
4 (1/4 in. nominal hose or tubing)  
6 (3/8 in.)  
8 (1/2 in.)  
10 (5/8 in.)  
12 (3/4 in.)  
1.00 + 0.25  
1.50 + 0.25  
1.50 + 0.25  
1.50 + 0.25  
1.50 + 0.25  
1.50 + 0.25  
8
10  
12  
16  
16 (1 in.)  
NOTE: Installation torque values for non–adjustable fit-  
tings are listed in Figure 4. These torque values should  
only be used when a fitting can be accessed with a  
socket. Use of an offset wrench (e.g. crowfoot wrench)  
will affect torque wrench accuracy and should not be  
used.  
Figure 4  
SAE Straight Thread O–Ring Port – Adjustable  
1. Make sure both threads and sealing surfaces are  
free of burrs, nicks, scratches, or any foreign material.  
2. Always replace the O–ring seal when this type of fitꢀ  
ting shows signs of leakage.  
Lock Nut  
3. Lubricate the O–ring with a light coating of oil.  
4. Turn back the jam nut as far as possible. Make sure  
the back up washer is not loose and is pushed up as far  
as possible (Step 1).  
Back–up Washer  
O–Ring  
5. Install the fitting into the port and tighten finger tight  
until the washer contacts the face of the port (Step 2).  
Figure 5  
6. To put the fitting in the desired position, unscrew it by  
the required amount, but no more than one full turn  
(Step 3).  
Step 1  
Step 2  
Step 3  
Step 4  
7. Hold the fitting in the desired position with a wrench  
and turn the jam nut with another wrench to the correct  
Flats From Finger Tight (F.F.F.T.) (Step 4).  
Size  
F.F.F.T.  
4 (1/4 in. nominal hose or tubing)  
6 (3/8 in.)  
8 (1/2 in.)  
10 (5/8 in.)  
12 (3/4 in.)  
1.00 + 0.25  
1.50 + 0.25  
1.50 + 0.25  
1.50 + 0.25  
1.50 + 0.25  
1.50 + 0.25  
16 (1 in.)  
Figure 6  
ProCore 648  
Page 4 – 5  
Hydraulic System  
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Pushing/Pulling Machine  
IMPORTANT: If push/pull limits are exceeded, seꢀ  
vere damage to the piston (traction) pump may ocꢀ  
cur.  
If it becomes necessary to push/pull the machine, push/  
pull at a speed below 1 mph (1.6 kph), and for a disꢀ  
tance less than 100 feet (30.5 meters). The piston  
(traction) pump is equipped with a by–pass valve that  
needs to be rotated counterclockwise (loosened) one  
turn for pushing/pulling. The by–pass valve should be  
torqued from 95 to 120 in–lb (10.7 to 13.6 N–m) before  
the machine is returned to operation.  
1
See Operator’s Manual for pushing/pulling procedures.  
Figure 7  
1. By–pass valve location  
Check Hydraulic Fluid  
The ProCore 648 hydraulic system is designed to operꢀ  
ate on anti–wear hydraulic fluid. The reservoir (Fig. 8)  
holds about 1.75 gallons (6.6 liters) of hydraulic fluid.  
Check level of hydraulic fluid daily.  
1
2
See Operator’s Manual for fluid level checking proceꢀ  
dure and hydraulic oil recommendations.  
Figure 8  
1. Hydraulic reservoir  
2. Hydraulic reservoir cap  
Relieving Hydraulic System Pressure  
Before disconnecting or performing any work on the hyꢀ  
draulic system, all pressure in the hydraulic system  
must be relieved. With the coring head fully raised, turn  
key switch to OFF and allow engine to stop. Secure corꢀ  
ing head with service latch.  
To relieve lift system pressure, turn key switch to ON  
(engine not running). Move traction lever to forward diꢀ  
rection and depress lower switch on handle to lower corꢀ  
ing head onto service latch. Return key switch to OFF  
when pressure has been relieved. Remove key from the  
ignition switch.  
To relieve hydraulic pressure in traction circuit, move  
traction lever to both forward and reverse directions.  
Hydraulic System  
Page 4 – 6  
ProCore 648  
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Hydraulic Schematic  
LIFT  
CYLINDER  
ORF1  
CYL  
SVR  
R2  
SVL  
R1  
SVQ  
G1  
PV  
CONTROL  
MANIFOLD  
P
CHG  
G2  
T
FRONT  
WHEEL  
’B’ PORT  
FORWARD  
(BOTTOM)  
M1  
’P’ PORT  
’P’ PORT  
M3  
’P’ PORT  
M2  
P1  
P2  
’A’ PORT  
(TOP)  
CIR  
PSI  
GPM  
COMPONENT  
P1  
.98  
.37  
--  
10.5  
2900  
P2  
4.1  
--  
--  
40  
1000  
40  
--  
PV  
R1  
R2  
M1  
M2  
M3  
ORF1  
--  
--  
--  
--  
23.8  
12.1  
12.1  
.050  
--  
--  
--  
--  
--  
ProCore 648  
Hydraulic Schematic  
--  
--  
All solenoids are shown as  
de--energized  
Rev. C  
ProCore 648  
Page 4 -- 7  
Hydraulic System  
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Hydraulic Flow Diagrams  
LIFT  
CYLINDER  
ORF1  
CYL  
SVR  
SVL  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
R1  
SVQ  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
G1  
R2  
PV  
CONTROL  
MANIFOLD  
P
CHG  
G2  
T
FRONT  
WHEEL  
’B’ PORT  
FORWARD  
(BOTTOM)  
M1  
’P’ PORT  
’P’ PORT  
M3  
’P’ PORT  
M2  
P1  
P2  
’A’ PORT  
(TOP)  
Traction Circuit (Forward Shown)  
Working Pressure  
Low Pressure (Charge)  
Return or Suction  
Flow  
Rev. C  
Hydraulic System  
Page 4 -- 8  
ProCore 648  
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Traction Circuit  
The traction (piston) pump (P1) is driven by the engine  
through the pulleys and pump drive belt. The traction cir-  
cuit of the hydraulic system acts essentially as a closed  
loop. Taking its suction directly from the return side of the  
wheel motors of the traction circuit, the traction (piston)  
pump supplies oil flow to the wheel motors through the  
supply side of the traction circuit.  
Reverse Direction  
The traction circuit operates essentially the same in re-  
verse as it does in the forward direction. However, the  
flow through the circuit is reversed. When the traction le-  
ver is moved to the reverse position, the linkage from the  
lever positions the swash plate in the traction motor so  
oil flows out the upper port of the pump. Oil flow from the  
pump goes to the wheel motors (rear motors first and  
then front motor) and turns them in the reverse direction.  
Maximum reverse traction pressure is limited by a 2900  
PSI (200 Bar) relief valve located in the top of the pump  
assembly.  
The gear pump (P2) is attached to the traction pump and  
is directly coupled to it. The gear pump provides charge  
oil to replace small amounts of traction pump internal oil  
leakage. Hydraulic charge oil is supplied to the traction  
circuit from the gear pump, through the lift control man-  
ifold (manifold port P, proportional valve PV and man-  
ifold port CHG) and past the charge circuit check valve  
in the return side of the traction circuit. Proportional  
valve PV ensures that sufficient gear pump flow is al-  
ways available for the charge oil needs of the traction cir-  
cuit. Gear pump flow in excess of charge circuit needs  
is available to raise/lower the coring head. After charge  
and raise/lower requirements are met, excess P2 flow  
is directed to the hydraulic reservoir through the hydrau-  
lic oil filter.  
Oil flowing from the wheel motors returns to the bottom  
port of the traction pump and is continuously pumped  
out the top port as long as the traction lever is held in the  
reverse direction.  
Forward Direction  
With the engine running and the traction lever in the neu-  
tral position, the traction pump supplies no flow to the  
wheel motors. When the traction lever is moved to the  
forward position, the linkage from the lever positions the  
swash plate in the traction pump so oil flows out the low-  
er port of the pump. Oil flow from the pump is directed  
to the wheel motors (front motor first and then rear mo-  
tors) and turns them in the forward direction. Maximum  
forward traction pressure is limited by a 2900 PSI (200  
Bar) relief valve located in the bottom of the pump as-  
sembly.  
Oil flowing from the rear wheel motors returns to the top  
port of the traction pump and is continuously pumped  
out the bottom port as long as the traction lever is held  
in the forward direction.  
ProCore 648  
Page 4 – 9  
Hydraulic System  
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LIFT  
ORF1  
CYLINDER  
(EXTENDING)  
CYL  
SVL  
(NOT  
ENERGIZED)  
SVR  
(ENERGIZED)  
R1  
CORING HEAD  
RAISE  
G1  
SVQ  
(ENERGIZED)  
R2  
CONTROL  
MANIFOLD  
PV  
CHG G2  
P
T
TO  
TRACTION  
PUMP  
FROM  
GEAR  
PUMP  
LIFT  
ORF1  
CYLINDER  
(RETRACTING)  
CYL  
SVL  
(ENERGIZED)  
SVR  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
R1  
CORING HEAD  
LOWER  
G1  
SVQ  
(ENERGIZED)  
R2  
CONTROL  
MANIFOLD  
PV  
CHG G2  
P
T
Coring Head Raise/Lower Circuits  
Working Pressure  
TO  
TRACTION  
PUMP  
FROM  
GEAR  
PUMP  
Low Pressure (Charge)  
Return or Suction  
Flow  
Hydraulic System  
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Coring Head Raise/Lower Circuits  
The gear pump (P2) is attached to the traction pump  
(P1) and is directly coupled to it. The gear pump supplies  
hydraulic flow for maintaining charge pressure of 40 PSI  
(2.8 Bar) to the low pressure side of the traction circuit  
and also for raising the aerator coring head. The gear  
pump takes its suction from the hydraulic reservoir.  
When the coring head reaches the aerating position, so-  
lenoid valves SVQ and SVL in the hydraulic manifold are  
de–energized. The valve shift of SVQ removes the by-  
pass to orifice (ORF1). The valve shift of SVL prevents  
oil flow from the lift cylinder. Without flow from the lift cyl-  
inder, the cylinder and coring head are held in place.  
Maximum lift/lower circuit pressure is limited to 1000  
PSI (69 Bar) by relief valve R1 in the lift control manifold.  
True CoreTM Ground Following System  
When aerating with the ground follow switch in the ON  
position, the True CoreTM Ground Following System hy-  
draulically adjusts the coring head position to ensure  
aerating depth consistency over undulating surfaces.  
The head high limit and head low limit switches on the  
depth actuator assembly are opened or closed depend-  
ing on movement of the turf guards over ground irregu-  
larities. These switches are used as inputs for the  
aerator control module to energize or de–energize sole-  
noid valves SVR and SVL in the hydraulic manifold. As  
these solenoid valves are energized or de–energized,  
the coring head is raised or lowered as described above.  
Flow from gear pump (P2) goes to the lift control man-  
ifold (port P) and is directed to pressure compensating  
valve (PV). Valve PV ensures that sufficient hydraulic  
flow is always available to the traction circuit for charge  
oil. When not raising the coring head, gear pump flow in  
excess of charge circuit needs is directed to the hydrau-  
lic oil filter and then returns to the hydraulic reservoir.  
Raise Coring Head  
When the coring head is to be raised (e.g. traction lever  
is released from forward or raise/lower switch is pressed  
to raise), solenoid valves SVR and SVQ in the hydraulic  
manifold are energized. The valve shift of SVR prevents  
gear pump flow return to the reservoir. The valve shift of  
SVQ allows oil flow to bypass the control manifold orifice  
(ORF1) for more immediate cylinder movement. Oil  
flows through the load holding check valve in solenoid  
valve SVL to direct gear pump flow out of control man-  
ifold port CYL to the lift cylinder. Hydraulic pressure  
against the lift cylinder rod extends the cylinder and  
raises the coring head.  
The control manifold orifice (ORF1) restricts oil flow to  
and from the lift cylinder to allow more accurate ground  
following. Solenoid valve SVQ is always de–energized  
when coring head is in the lowered, aerating position.  
If the ground follow switch is turned to the OFF position,  
the coring head lowers to the manual coring head stops  
and the ground following operation is not functional. So-  
lenoid valve SVL is always energized while aerating  
when the ground follow switch is in the OFF position.  
When the raise input ends (e.g. coring head is fully  
raised or raise/lower switch is released), solenoid  
valves SVR and SVQ in the hydraulic manifold are de–  
energized. The valve shift of SVR allows flow return to  
the reservoir. The valve shift of SVQ removes the by-  
pass to orifice (ORF1). The load holding check valve in  
solenoid valve SVL prevents oil flow from the lift cylinder.  
Without flow to or from the lift cylinder, the cylinder and  
coring head positions are held in place.  
Lower Coring Head  
When the coring head is to be lowered (e.g. raise/lower  
switch is pressed to lower), solenoid valves SVQ and  
SVL in the hydraulic manifold are energized. The valve  
shift of SVQ allows oil flow to bypass the control man-  
ifold orifice (ORF1) for more immediate cylinder move-  
ment. The valve shift of SVL allows a path for oil flow  
from the lift cylinder. The weight of the coring head and  
tension of the weight transfer springs cause the lift cylin-  
der to retract and the coring head to lower. Oil flowing  
from the retracting lift cylinder returns to the reservoir.  
ProCore 648  
Page 4 – 11  
Hydraulic System  
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Special Tools  
Order these special tools from your Toro Distributor.  
Hydraulic Pressure Test Kit  
Toro Part Number: TOR47009  
Use to take various pressure readings for diagnostic  
tests. Quick disconnect fittings provided attach directly  
to mating fittings on machine test ports without tools. A  
high pressure hose is provided for remote readings.  
Contains one each: 1000 PSI (70 Bar), 5000 PSI (350  
Bar) and 10000 PSI (700 Bar) gauges. Use gauges as  
recommended in Testing section of this chapter.  
Figure 9  
Hydraulic Tester (Pressure and Flow)  
Toro Part Number: TOR214678  
This tester requires O--ring Face Seal (ORFS) adapter  
fittings for use on this machine (see Hydraulic Test Fit-  
ting Kit -- TOR4079 in this section).  
1. INLET HOSE: Hose connected from the system cir-  
cuit to the inlet side of the hydraulic tester.  
2. LOAD VALVE: A simulated working load is created  
in the circuit by turning the valve to restrict flow.  
3. LOW PRESSUREGAUGE:Low range gauge to pro-  
vide accurate reading at low pressure: 0 to 1000 PSI.  
Figure 10  
A protector valve cuts out when pressure is about to  
exceed the normal range for the gauge. The cutout  
pressure is adjustable.  
4. HIGH PRESSURE GAUGE: High range gauge  
which accommodates pressures beyond the capacity of  
the low pressure gauge: 0 to 5,000 PSI.  
5. FLOW METER: This meter measures actual oil flow  
in the operating circuit with a gauge rated at 15 GPM.  
6. OUTLET HOSE: A hose from the outlet side of the  
hydraulic tester connects to the hydraulic system circuit.  
Hydraulic System  
Page 4 -- 12 Rev. C  
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Hydraulic Test Fitting Kit  
Part Number: TOR4079  
TORO TEST FITTING KIT (NO. TOR4079)  
This kit includes a variety of O–ring Face Seal fittings to  
enable connection of test gauges to the ProCore 648 hy-  
draulic system.  
The kit includes: tee’s, unions, reducers, plugs, caps,  
and male test fittings.  
Figure 11  
Wheel Hub Puller  
Part Number: TOR4097  
The wheel hub puller allows safe removal of the wheel  
hub from the shaft of wheel motors.  
Figure 12  
ProCore 648  
Page 4 – 13  
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Troubleshooting  
The cause of an improperly functioning hydraulic sys-  
tem is best diagnosed with the use of proper testing  
equipment and a thorough understanding of the com-  
plete hydraulic system.  
Continued use of an improperly functioning hydraulic  
system could lead to extensive hydraulic component  
damage.  
The charts that follow contain information to assist in  
troubleshooting. There may possibly be more than one  
cause for a machine malfunction.  
A hydraulic system with an excessive increase in heat  
or noise has a potential for failure. Should either of these  
conditions be noticed, immediately stop the machine,  
turn off the engine, locate the cause of the trouble, and  
correct it before allowing the machine to be used again.  
Refer to the Testing section of this Chapter for precau-  
tions and specific test procedures.  
Problem  
Possible Cause  
Fitting(s), hose(s), or tube(s) are loose or damaged.  
Hydraulic oil leaks  
O–ring(s) or seal(s) are missing or damaged.  
Oil level in reservoir is low.  
Foaming hydraulic fluid  
Hydraulic system has wrong kind of oil.  
Pump suction line(s) has an air leak.  
Hydraulic system operates hot  
Traction system pressure is high due to excessive load.  
Oil level in reservoir is low.  
Traction pump by–pass valve is open or defective.  
Excessive dirt and debris on hydraulic components.  
Oil is contaminated or too light.  
Charge pressure is low.  
Air trapped in traction circuit.  
Wheel motor(s) are worn or damaged.  
Traction pump is worn or damaged.  
Neutral is difficult to find or unit oper-  
ates in one direction only  
External control linkage is misadjusted, disconnected, binding or  
damaged.  
Excess air in the traction lines.  
Traction pump is worn or damaged.  
Hydraulic oil is very cold.  
Traction response is sluggish  
Traction pump by–pass valve is open or worn.  
Engine speed is too low.  
Pump drive belt is loose or worn.  
Charge pressure is low.  
Traction pump or wheel motor(s) are worn or damaged.  
Hydraulic System  
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Problem  
Possible Cause  
No traction in either direction  
Parking brake is engaged.  
Oil level in reservoir is low.  
Traction pump by–pass valve is open.  
Pump drive belt is loose, worn or broken.  
Traction cable broken or damaged.  
Charge pressure is low.  
Hydraulic pump pulley not secure to pump shaft.  
Traction pump or wheel motor(s) are worn or damaged.  
Parking brake is engaged (rear wheel motors).  
Wheel motor will not turn  
Key on wheel motor shaft is sheared or missing.  
Internal parts in wheel motor are damaged.  
Wheel motor will not hold load in  
neutral  
Make up fluid from charge pump is not available.  
Wheel motor(s) is/are worn or damaged.  
System reset switch needs to be pressed.  
Coring head will not lift or lifts slowly  
Engine speed is too low.  
Reservoir oil level is low.  
Pump pulley drive belt is loose or worn.  
Lift cylinder is binding.  
Coring head is binding.  
Lift control manifold relief valve (R1) is stuck open.  
Lift control manifold orifice (ORF1) is damaged or plugged.  
Lift control manifold SVQ cartridge valve solenoid is not being  
energized.  
Gear pump (P2) is worn or damaged.  
Coring head raises, but will not stay  
up  
Lift control manifold SVL cartridge stuck open.  
Lift control manifold SVL cartridge valve leaks.  
ProCore 648  
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Hydraulic System  
Page 4 – 16  
ProCore 648  
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Testing  
The most effective method for isolating problems in the  
hydraulic system is by using hydraulic test equipment  
such as pressure gauges and flow meters in the circuits  
during various operational checks (see Special Tools  
section in this Chapter).  
1. Thoroughly clean the machine before disconnecting  
or disassembling any hydraulic components. Always  
keep in mind the need for cleanliness when working on  
hydraulic equipment. Hydraulic system contamination  
will cause excessive wear of hydraulic components.  
2. Put caps or plugs on any hydraulic lines left open or  
exposed during testing or removal of components.  
CAUTION  
3. The engine must be in good operating condition. Use  
a tachometer when making a hydraulic test. Engine  
speed will affect the accuracy of hydraulic test results.  
Failure to use gauges with recommended pres-  
sure (PSI/Bar) rating as listed in test procedures  
could result in damage to gauge and possible  
personal injury from leaking hot oil.  
4. Because the hydraulic pump is belt driven, check for  
proper pump belt adjustment before performing any hy-  
draulic test. Check pump speed with a phototac when  
performing hydraulic pump flow tests.  
Before Performing Hydraulic Tests  
All obvious areas such as oil supply, filter, binding link-  
age, loose fasteners, improper adjustments or improper  
operation must be checked before assuming that a hy-  
draulic component is the source of the problem being  
experienced.  
5. To prevent damage to tester or components, the inlet  
and the outlet hoses must be properly connected, and  
not reversed (when using tester with flow and pressure  
capabilities).  
6. When using hydraulic tester with flow and pressure  
capabilities, completely open load valve in hydraulic  
tester before starting engine. This will minimize the pos-  
sibility of component damage.  
Precautions For Hydraulic Testing  
WARNING  
7. Install fittings finger tight, far enough to insure that  
they are not cross–threaded, before tightening with a  
wrench.  
Before disconnecting or performing any work  
on the hydraulic system, all pressure in the  
system must be relieved. See Relieving Hydrau-  
lic System Pressure in the General Information  
section of this chapter.  
8. To prevent hose or tester damage, position the tester  
hoses so that moving machine parts will not make con-  
tact with them.  
Keep body and hands away from pin hole leaks  
or nozzles that eject hydraulic fluid under high  
pressure. Use paper or cardboard, not hands, to  
search for leaks. Hydraulic fluid escaping under  
pressure can have sufficient force to penetrate  
skin and cause serious injury. If fluid is injected  
into the skin, it must be surgically removed  
within a few hours by a doctor familiar with this  
type of injury. Gangrene may result from such  
an injury.  
9. Check and adjust the oil level in the reservoir after  
connecting hydraulic test equipment.  
10.Check the control linkage for improper adjustment,  
binding or broken parts. Make sure control linkage is  
functioning properly before conducting hydraulic tests.  
11.All hydraulic tests should be made with the hydraulic  
oil at normal operating temperature.  
ProCore 648  
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Charge Pressure Test (Using Pressure Gauge)  
LIFT  
CYLINDER  
ORF1  
CYL  
SVR  
SVL  
R1  
SVQ  
G1  
R2  
PV  
CONTROL  
MANIFOLD  
P
CHG  
G2  
T
PRESSURE  
GAUGE  
FRONT  
WHEEL  
’B’ PORT  
(BOTTOM)  
FORWARD  
M1  
’P’ PORT  
’P’ PORT  
M3  
’P’ PORT  
M2  
P1  
P2  
’A’ PORT  
(TOP)  
Working Pressure  
Low Pressure (Charge)  
Return or Suction  
Flow Direction  
Figure 13  
Rev. C  
Hydraulic System  
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Procedure for Charge Pressure Test:  
C. While machine is moving, monitor the charge  
pressure reading on the pressure gauge (do not acti-  
vate the lift control while monitoring pressure).  
1. Make sure hydraulic oil is at normal operating tem-  
perature by operating the machine for approximately 10  
minutes.  
D. The charge pressure should drop no more than  
15% from initial test reading (Step 8 above). A pres-  
sure drop of more than 15% indicates a traction cir-  
cuit problem (e.g. damaged or leaking proportional  
valve (PV), worn or damaged piston pump (P1)).  
2. Park machine on a level surface with the coring head  
fully raised. Make sure engine is off and the parking  
brake is engaged. Secure coring head with service  
latch.  
11.Shut off engine.  
3. Read Precautions For Hydraulic Testing in this sec-  
tion.  
12.Disconnect pressure gauge from hydraulic control  
manifold port G2.  
CAUTION  
2
Operate all hydraulic controls to relieve system  
pressure and avoid injury from pressurized hy-  
draulic oil.  
1
4. Connect pressure gauge to the hydraulic control  
manifold G2 port quick fitting (Fig. 14).  
CAUTION  
If using pressure gauge with hose, make sure  
that hose is free of the left, rear wheel after  
installation.  
Figure 14  
1. Hydraulic manifold  
2. G2 port quick fitting  
5. Make sure that traction lever is in neutral and the  
parking brake is engaged.  
6. Start engine and operate engine at full speed (3400  
+ 50 RPM).  
7. Pressure gauge should read approximately 40 PSI  
(2.8 Bar). Record pressure reading.  
8. Turn off engine.  
9. If specification is not met, inspect proportional valve  
PV in control manifold.  
10.A dynamic charge pressure test can be performed as  
follows:  
A. Leave pressure gauge connected to hydraulic  
control manifold G2 port.  
B. Disengage parking brake. Start engine and oper-  
ate at full speed (3400 + 50 RPM). Move the traction  
lever fully forward.  
ProCore 648  
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Coring Head Raise/Lower Relief (R1) Pressure Test (Using Pressure Gauge)  
LIFT  
CYLINDER  
ORF1  
CYL  
SVR  
SVL  
(NOT  
ENERGIZED)  
PRESSURE  
GAUGE  
(ENERGIZED)  
R1  
G1  
SVQ  
(ENERGIZED)  
R2  
PV  
CONTROL  
MANIFOLD  
P
CHG  
G2  
T
FRONT  
WHEEL  
’B’ PORT  
(BOTTOM)  
FORWARD  
M1  
’P’ PORT  
’P’ PORT  
M3  
’P’ PORT  
M2  
P1  
P2  
’A’ PORT  
(TOP)  
Working Pressure  
Low Pressure (Charge)  
Return or Suction  
Flow Direction  
Figure 15  
Rev. C  
Hydraulic System  
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Procedure for Coring Head Raise/Lower Relief (R1)  
Pressure Test:  
C. If measured relief pressure is too low, check for  
restriction in gear pump intake line or leakage in lift  
cylinder. If pump intake line is not restricted and lift  
cylinder is not leaking, increase the relief valve pres-  
sure setting. Use an allen wrench and turn adjust-  
ment socket clockwise. A 1/8 turn on the socket will  
make a measurable change in relief pressure.  
1. Make sure hydraulic oil is at normal operating tem-  
perature by operating the machine for approximately 10  
minutes.  
2. Park machine on a level surface with the coring head  
fully raised. Make sure engine is off and the parking  
brake is engaged.  
D. Reinstall cap on relief valve after adjustment.  
E. Repeat steps 9 through 11 above until the relief  
valve pressure setting is correct.  
3. Read Precautions For Hydraulic Testing in this sec-  
tion.  
F. If the relief valve pressure setting cannot be ad-  
justed to specification, the relief valve (R1), gear  
pump or lift cylinder should be suspected of wear or  
damage.  
CAUTION  
13.When testing is complete, disconnect pressure  
gauge from the hydraulic manifold G1 fitting. Reconnect  
proximity switch #1. Install rear hood.  
Operate all hydraulic controls to relieve system  
pressure and avoid injury from pressurized hy-  
draulic oil.  
4. Connect pressure gauge to the hydraulic control  
manifold G1 port quick fitting (Fig. 14).  
1
5. Remove rear hood (see Operator’s Manual).  
6. Locate and disconnect proximity switch #1. This  
switch is secured to the switch mounting bracket located  
on right rear frame plate.  
2
7. Make sure that traction lever is in the neutral position  
and the parking brake is engaged.  
3
8. With proximity switch #1 disconnected, system pres-  
sure will increase to relief (R1) pressure shortly after the  
engine is started.  
Figure 16  
1. Hydraulic manifold  
2. G1 port quick fitting  
3. Relief valve (R1)  
9. Start and run engine at full speed (3400 + 50 RPM).  
Watch the pressure gauge and note pressure when the  
relief valve (R1) opens.  
2
10.Shut off engine. Record measured relief valve (R1)  
pressure.  
11.Pressure gauge should read approximately 1000  
PSI (69 Bar).  
1
12.If measured relief pressure is incorrect, adjust relief  
valve (R1) as follows:  
NOTE: Do not remove lift relief valve from the hydraulic  
manifold for adjustment.  
Figure 17  
1. Relief valve cap  
2. Adjustment socket  
A. Remove the cap from the relief valve (Fig. 17).  
B. If measured relief pressure is too high, decrease  
relief valve pressure setting by using an allen wrench  
to turn adjustment socket counterclockwise. A 1/8  
turn on the socket will make a measurable change in  
relief pressure.  
ProCore 648  
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Traction (Piston) Pump (P1) Flow Test (Using Tester With Flow Meter and Pressure  
Gauge)  
LIFT  
CYLINDER  
ORF1  
CYL  
SVR  
R2  
SVL  
R1  
G1  
SVQ  
PV  
CONTROL  
MANIFOLD  
P
CHG  
G2  
T
FRONT  
WHEEL  
TESTER  
’B’ PORT  
(BOTTOM)  
FORWARD  
M1  
’P’ PORT  
’P’ PORT  
M3  
’P’ PORT  
M2  
P1  
P2  
’A’ PORT  
(TOP)  
Working Pressure  
Low Pressure (Charge)  
Return or Suction  
Flow Direction  
Figure 18  
Procedure for Traction (Piston) Pump (P1) Flow  
Test:  
3. Read Precautions For Hydraulic Testing in this sec-  
tion.  
1. Make sure hydraulic oil is at normal operating tem-  
perature by operating the machine for approximately 10  
minutes.  
4. Remove pump control assembly from traction pump  
(see Hydraulic (Traction/Charge) Pump Removal in the  
Service and Repairs section of this chapter). Position  
pump control assembly away from pump.  
2. Park machine on a level surface with the coring head  
fully raised. Make sure engine is off and parking brake  
is disengaged. Secure coring head with service latch.  
5. Make sure that hydraulic pump drive belt is adjusted  
properly (see Operator’s Manual).  
Rev. C  
Hydraulic System  
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6. Lift or jack machine so all wheels are off the floor to  
allow flow through the traction circuit. Support machine  
with jackstands or blocking.  
14.While holding trunnion shaft fully counter–clockwise,  
close flow control valve on tester until pressure gauge  
reads 1000 PSI. As flow control valve is being closed,  
engine speed will drop to approximately 3200 RPM.  
Verify that pump speed is approximately 2500 RPM with  
a phototac. Observe flow gauge.  
7. Attach a heavy chain to the rear of the machine frame  
and something immovable in the shop to prevent the  
machine from moving during testing.  
TESTER READING: A pump in good condition  
should have a flow of approximately 9.5 GPM  
CAUTION  
15.Open flow control valve on tester, return trunnion  
shaft to the neutral position and turn off engine. Record  
results of hydraulic flow test.  
Operate all hydraulic controls to relieve system  
pressure and avoid injury from pressurized hy-  
draulic oil.  
16.If flow is less than 7.6 GPM or a pressure of 1000 PSI  
cannot be obtained, consider that a pump problem ex-  
ists.  
8. Clean hose fitting and disconnect hydraulic hose  
from the lower 45 fitting on the rear side of the traction  
o
NOTE: Forward traction circuit relief pressure can be  
determined with the same tester connections as this  
test. See TEST NO. 4: Traction Circuit Relief Pressure.  
pump (Fig. 19).  
NOTE: An alternate testing location would be at the hy-  
draulic hose connection to the P1 port of the front wheel  
motor.  
17.When testing is complete, disconnect tester from  
o
lower 45 fitting and hydraulic hose. Reconnect hose to  
fitting. Secure pump control assembly to traction pump  
(see Hydraulic (Traction/Charge) Pump Installation in  
the Service and Repairs section of this chapter).  
IMPORTANT: Make sure oil flow indicator arrow on  
the flow meter is showing that the oil will flow from  
the traction pump, through the tester and into the  
disconnected hose.  
2
9. Install hydraulic tester with flow meter and pressure  
gauges in series with the traction pump and the discon-  
nected hose. Make sure flow control valve on the  
tester is fully open.  
10.Check and adjust the oil level in the reservoir after  
connecting hydraulic tester.  
11.One person should operate the machine while  
another person reads the tester.  
1
12.Start and run engine at full speed (3400 + 50 RPM).  
Figure 19  
CAUTION  
o
1. Lower 45 fitting  
2. Hydraulic hose  
Use extreme caution when conducting test. The  
wheels of the machine will be trying to move the  
machine forward.  
IMPORTANT: Do not rotate the traction pump trun-  
nion shaft clockwise (reverse) during testing.  
13.Using a wrench, slowly rotate traction pump trunnion  
shaft counter–clockwise to the fully forward position.  
Rev. B  
ProCore 648  
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Traction Circuit Relief Pressure Test (Using Tester With Flow Meter and Pressure  
Gauge)  
LIFT  
CYLINDER  
ORF1  
CYL  
SVR  
R2  
SVL  
R1  
G1  
SVQ  
PV  
CONTROL  
MANIFOLD  
P
CHG  
G2  
T
PRESSURE  
GAUGE  
FRONT  
WHEEL  
’B’ PORT  
(BOTTOM)  
FORWARD  
M1  
’P’ PORT  
’P’ PORT  
’P’ PORT  
M2  
M3  
P1  
P2  
’A’ PORT  
(TOP)  
Working Pressure  
Low Pressure (Charge)  
Return or Suction  
NOTE: FORWARD TRACTION CIRCUIT  
RELIEF PRESSURE TEST IS SHOWN  
Flow Direction  
Figure 20  
Rev. C  
Hydraulic System  
Page 4 -- 24  
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Procedure for Traction Circuit Relief Pressure Test:  
10.One person should operate the machine while  
another person reads the gauge.  
1. Make sure hydraulic oil is at normal operating tem-  
perature by operating the machine for approximately 10  
minutes. Make sure that traction lever is adjusted to the  
neutral position (see Operator’s Manual).  
11.Make sure that parking brake is engaged. Start and  
run engine at full speed (3400 + 50 RPM).  
2. Park machine on a level surface with the coring head  
fully raised. Make sure engine is off and parking brake  
is engaged. Secure coring head with service latch.  
CAUTION  
Use extreme caution when conducting test. The  
front wheel of the machine will be trying to move  
the machine.  
3. Read Precautions For Hydraulic Testing in this sec-  
tion.  
4. Set the aerator spacing lever to the transport posi-  
tion.  
12.Slowly move traction lever fully in direction of relief  
valve to be tested (forward or reverse).  
5. Make sure that hydraulic pump drive belt is adjusted  
properly (see Operator’s Manual).  
IMPORTANT: DO NOT hold system at relief for more  
than 4 seconds.  
6. Lift or jack front of machine so front wheel is off the  
floor. Support front of machine with jackstands or block-  
ing.  
13.Watch the pressure gauge and record pressure  
when the traction circuit relief valve opens.  
TESTER READING: pressure approximately 2900  
PSI in both forward and reverse direction.  
CAUTION  
14.Release traction lever and turn off engine. Record re-  
sults of hydraulic pressure test.  
Operate all hydraulic controls to relieve system  
pressure and avoid injury from pressurized hy-  
draulic oil.  
15.If traction pressure is too low, inspect relief valves in  
piston (traction) pump (see the HYDRO–GEAR  
BDP–10A/16A/21L HYDROSTATIC PUMPS SERVICE  
AND REPAIR MANUAL at the end of this chapter).  
Clean or replace relief valves as necessary as they are  
not adjustable. If relief valves are in good condition, pis-  
ton (traction) pump should be suspected of wear and in-  
efficiency.  
7. Clean hose fitting and disconnect appropriate hy-  
draulic hose from fitting on the rear side of the traction  
pump (Fig. 21):  
A. For forward direction relief pressure test, discon-  
o
nect hose from lower 45 fitting. NOTE: forward relief  
NOTE: Forward and reverse relief valves are identical.  
Relief valves can be switched in piston (traction) pump  
to help in identifying a faulty relief valve.  
pressure can also be measured with hydraulic tester  
installed as described in TEST NO. 3: Traction (Pis-  
ton) Pump Flow. Make sure flow control valve on the  
tester is fully open.  
16.Disconnect Tee–fitting with pressure gauge from  
pump fitting and hydraulic hose. Reconnect hose to  
pump fitting.  
NOTE: An alternate testing location for forward di-  
rection relief would be at the hydraulic hose connec-  
tion to the front wheel motor P1 port.  
2
B. For reverse direction relief pressure test, discon-  
nect hose from upper 90 fitting.  
o
NOTE: An alternate testing location for reverse di-  
rection relief would be at the diagnostic port on the  
hydraulic tube between the rear wheel motors.  
8. Install Tee–fitting with pressure gauge between the  
traction pump and the disconnected hose.  
1
9. Check and adjust the oil level in the reservoir after  
connecting pressure gauge.  
Figure 21  
o
o
1. Lower 45 fitting  
2. Upper 90 fitting  
ProCore 648  
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Gear Pump (P2) Flow Test (Using Tester With Flow Meter and Pressure Gauge)  
LIFT  
CYLINDER  
ORF1  
CYL  
SVR  
R2  
SVL  
R1  
SVQ  
G1  
PV  
CONTROL  
MANIFOLD  
P
CHG  
G2  
T
TESTER  
FRONT  
WHEEL  
’B’ PORT  
(BOTTOM)  
FORWARD  
M1  
’P’ PORT  
’P’ PORT  
M3  
’P’ PORT  
M2  
P1  
P2  
’A’ PORT  
(TOP)  
Working Pressure  
Low Pressure (Charge)  
Return or Suction  
Flow Direction  
Figure 22  
Rev. C  
Hydraulic System  
Page 4 -- 26  
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Procedure for Gear Pump (P2) Flow Test:  
7. Start and operate engine at full speed (3400 + 50  
RPM).  
1. Make sure hydraulic oil is at normal operating tem-  
perature by operating the machine for approximately 10  
minutes.  
8. Watch flow and pressure gauges carefully while  
slowly closing the flow control valve until pressure  
gauge reads 500 PSI.  
2. Park machine on a level surface with the coring head  
fully raised. Make sure engine is off and the parking  
brake is engaged. Secure coring head with service  
latch.  
9. Flow gauge reading should be approximately 4  
GPM.  
10.Open flow control valve on tester and turn off engine.  
Record results of hydraulic pressure test.  
3. Read Precautions For Hydraulic Testing in this sec-  
tion.  
11.If specification is not met, repair or replace gear  
pump.  
CAUTION  
12.Disconnect tester from the pump and control man-  
ifold. Reconnect hydraulic tube to the pump and man-  
ifold.  
Operate all hydraulic controls to relieve system  
pressure and avoid injury from pressurized hy-  
draulic oil.  
4. Remove hydraulic tube that connects the gear pump  
(P2) outlet to port P of hydraulic manifold (Fig. 23).  
1
IMPORTANT: Make sure oil flow indicator arrow on  
the flow meter is showing that oil will flow from the  
gear pump, through the tester and into hydraulic  
manifold port P.  
2
5. Install elbows to fittings on pump and manifold to al-  
low connection of hydraulic tester with flow meter and  
pressure gauges to fittings. Install hydraulic tester in  
place of the removed hydraulic tube between the gear  
pump (P2) outlet and port P in the hydraulic manifold.  
Make sure flow control valve on the tester is fully  
open.  
Figure 23  
1. Gear pump outlet  
2. Manifold port P  
6. Make sure that traction lever is in neutral and the  
parking brake is engaged.  
ProCore 648  
Page 4 – 27  
Hydraulic System  
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Wheel Motor Efficiency Test (Using Tester With Flow Meter and Pressure Gauge)  
LIFT  
CYLINDER  
ORF1  
CYL  
SVR  
R2  
SVL  
R1  
G1  
SVQ  
PV  
CONTROL  
MANIFOLD  
P
CHG  
G2  
T
TEST CONNECTION FOR  
REAR WHEEL MOTOR SHOWN  
FRONT  
WHEEL  
’B’ PORT  
(BOTTOM)  
FORWARD  
M1  
’P’ PORT  
CAP  
’P’ PORT  
’P’ PORT  
M2  
M3  
P1  
P2  
CAP  
TESTER  
’A’ PORT  
(TOP)  
Working Pressure  
Low Pressure (Charge)  
Return or Suction  
Flow Direction  
Figure 24  
NOTE: Over a period of time, a wheel motor can wear  
internally. A worn motor will be less efficient and eventu-  
ally, will allow the wheel motor to stall under heavy load  
conditions. Continued operation with a worn, inefficient  
motor can generate excessive heat, cause damage to  
seals and other components in thehydraulic systemand  
affect overall machine performance.  
Rev. C  
Hydraulic System  
Page 4 -- 28  
ProCore 648  
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Procedure for Wheel Motor Efficiency Test:  
IMPORTANT: Make sure oil flow indicator arrow on  
the flow gauge is showing that the oil will flow from  
the wheel motor, through the tester and into the  
traction pump fitting.  
1. Make sure hydraulic oil is at normal operating temꢀ  
perature by operating the machine for approximately 10  
minutes. Make sure the hydraulic reservoir is full.  
9. Install hydraulic tester with flow meter and pressure  
gauges between the disconnected hose and traction  
pump. Make sure flow control valve on the tester is fully  
open.  
2. Make sure that traction lever is adjusted to the neuꢀ  
tral position (see Operator’s Manual).  
3. Park machine on a level surface with the coring head  
fully raised. Make sure engine is off and the parking  
brake is engaged. Secure coring head with service  
latch.  
10.Start engine and move throttle to full speed (3400 +  
50 RPM).  
4. Read Precautions For Hydraulic Testing in this secꢀ  
tion.  
CAUTION  
Use extreme caution when performing test. The  
tire(s) on the ground will be trying to move the  
machine forward.  
CAUTION  
Operate all hydraulic controls to relieve system  
pressure and avoid injury from pressurized hyꢀ  
draulic oil.  
11.Slowly push traction lever in forward direction until  
1000 PSI is displayed on the pressure gauge. Make sure  
that wheel motor being tested does not rotate.  
12.Wheel motor internal leakage will be shown on flow  
meter in GPM. Flow should be less than 1.5 GPM for  
the tested wheel motor.  
5. Attach a heavy chain between the rear of the maꢀ  
chine frame and an immovable object to prevent the maꢀ  
chine from moving during testing.  
13.Release traction lever and turn off engine. Record reꢀ  
sults of hydraulic flow test.  
6. If front wheel motor requires testing:  
A. Both rear wheel motors should have hydraulic  
lines connected. Block up both rear wheels off the  
ground. Release parking brake so rear wheels can  
turn.  
14.If specifications are not met, the tested wheel motor  
needs to be repaired or replaced as necessary.  
15.Reconnect hydraulic lines to wheel motor.  
B. Position front wheel on the ground. Immobilize  
front wheel to prevent it from turning.  
16.If additional wheel motor(s) require testing, complete  
steps 6 to 14 for the remaining wheel motor(s).  
7. If a rear wheel motor requires testing:  
17.Disconnect tester from machine. Reconnect hose to  
pump connection.  
A. Disconnect both hydraulic lines from rear wheel  
motor that is not being tested. Cap disconnected hyꢀ  
draulic lines and plug wheel motor ports to prevent  
contamination.  
1
B. Front wheel motor should have hydraulic lines  
connected. Block up front wheel off the ground.  
C. Make sure parking brake is engaged to prevent  
rear wheel rotation.  
8. Clean hose fitting and disconnect hose from upper  
90 fitting on traction pump (Fig. 25).  
o
2
Figure 25  
o
o
1. Upper 90 fitting  
2. Lower 45 fitting  
ProCore 648  
Page 4 – 29  
Hydraulic System  
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Service and Repairs  
General Precautions for Removing and Installing Hydraulic System Components  
Before Repair or Replacement of Components  
After Repair or Replacement of Components  
1. Before removing any parts from the hydraulic sysꢀ  
tem, park machine on a level surface, fully raise coring  
head, engage parking brake, stop engine and remove  
key from the ignition switch. Secure coring head with  
service latch.  
1. Check oil level in the hydraulic reservoir and add corꢀ  
rect oil if necessary. Drain and refill hydraulic system  
reservoir and change oil filter if component failure was  
severe or system is contaminated (see Flush Hydraulic  
System).  
2. Clean machine before disconnecting, removing or  
disassembling any hydraulic components. Make sure  
hydraulic components, hoses connections and fittings  
are cleaned thoroughly. Always keep in mind the need  
for cleanliness when working on hydraulic equipment.  
2. Lubricate O–rings and seals with clean hydraulic oil  
before installing hydraulic components.  
3. Make sure caps or plugs are removed from the hyꢀ  
draulic tubes, hydraulic fittings and components before  
reconnecting.  
4. Use proper tightening methods when installing hyꢀ  
draulic hoses and fittings (see Hydraulic Fitting Installaꢀ  
tion in the General Information section of this chapter).  
CAUTION  
Operate all hydraulic controls to relieve system  
pressure and avoid injury from pressurized hyꢀ  
draulic oil. See Relieving Hydraulic System Presꢀ  
sure in the General Information section of this  
chapter.  
5. After repairs, check control linkages and cables for  
proper adjustment, binding and/or broken parts.  
6. After disconnecting or replacing any hydraulic comꢀ  
ponents, operate machine functions slowly until air is  
out of system (see Hydraulic System Start Up in this secꢀ  
tion).  
3. Put caps or plugs on any hydraulic lines, hydraulic fitꢀ  
tings or hydraulic components left open or exposed to  
prevent hydraulic system contamination.  
7. Check for hydraulic oil leaks. Shut off engine and corꢀ  
rect leaks if necessary. Check oil level in hydraulic reserꢀ  
voir and add correct oil if necessary.  
4. Put labels on disconnected hydraulic lines and  
hoses for proper installation after repairs are completed.  
5. Note the position of hydraulic fittings (especially elꢀ  
bow fittings) on hydraulic components before removal.  
Mark parts if necessary to make sure they will be aligned  
properly when reinstalling hydraulic hoses and tubes.  
Check Hydraulic Lines and Hoses  
Check hydraulic lines and hoses daily for leaks, kinked  
lines, loose mounting supports, wear, loose fittings,  
weather deterioration and/or chemical deterioration.  
Make all necessary repairs before operating machine.  
WARNING  
Keep body and hands away from pin hole leaks  
or nozzles that eject hydraulic fluid under high  
pressure. Use paper or cardboard, not hands, to  
search for leaks. Hydraulic fluid escaping under  
pressure can have sufficient force to penetrate  
the skin and cause serious injury. If fluid is in-  
jected into the skin, it must be surgically re-  
moved within a few hours by a doctor familiar  
with this type of injury. Gangrene may result from  
such an injury.  
Hydraulic System  
Page 4 – 30  
ProCore 648  
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Flush Hydraulic System  
IMPORTANT: Flush the hydraulic system any time  
there is a severe component failure or the system is  
contaminated (oil appears milky or black or conꢀ  
tains metal particles).  
9. Reattach both spark plug wires.  
10.Start engine and let it idle at low speed for a minimum  
of two (2) minutes.  
11.Increase engine speed to high idle for minimum of  
one (1) minute under no load.  
IMPORTANT: Flush hydraulic system when chang-  
Ing from petroleum base hydraulic fluid, such as  
Mobil 424, to biodegradable fluid, such as Mobil  
EAL Envirosyn H. Operate machine under normal  
operating conditions for at least four (4) hours beꢀ  
fore draining.  
12.Lower and raise coring head several times.  
13.Shut off engine and check for hydraulic oil leaks.  
Check oil level in hydraulic reservoir and add correct oil  
if necessary.  
1. Park machine on a level surface, fully raise coring  
head, engage parking brake, stop engine and remove  
key from the ignition switch. Secure coring head with  
service latch.  
14.Install pump belt cover to machine (see Operator’s  
Manual).  
15.Operate the machine for two (2) hours under normal  
operating conditions.  
2. Remove pump belt cover from machine (see Opera-  
tor’s Manual).  
16.Check condition of hydraulic oil. If the fluid shows any  
signs of contamination, or if you are changing to biodeꢀ  
gradable fluid, repeat steps 1 through 13 again.  
NOTE: The hydraulic reservoir will drain when the hyꢀ  
draulic oil filter is removed from the hydraulic manifold.  
3. Clean area around filter mounting area (Fig. 26). Reꢀ  
move filter from hydraulic manifold and drain reservoir  
into a suitable container. Drain hydraulic system. Drain  
all hoses, tubes and components while the system is  
warm. Discard filter.  
17.Resume normal operation and follow recommended  
maintenance intervals.  
4. Inspect and clean reservoir (see Hydraulic Reservoir  
in this section).  
5. Make sure filter mounting surface is clean. Apply hyꢀ  
draulic oil to gasket on the new filter. Screw filter on until  
gasket contacts mounting surface of manifold, then  
tighten filter half a turn.  
1
NOTE: Use biodegradable fluid, such as Mobil EAL Enꢀ  
virosyn H, for this step if you are changing to this type of  
fluid. Use only hydraulic fluids specified in Operator’s  
Manual. Other fluids could cause system damage.  
2
6. Fill hydraulic reservoir.  
Figure 26  
1. Hydraulic filter  
2. Hydraulic manifold  
7. Disconnect and ground both spark plug wires to preꢀ  
vent engine from starting.  
8. Turn ignition key switch to start position; engage  
starter for ten (10) seconds to prime hydraulic pumps.  
Repeat this step again.  
ProCore 648  
Page 4 – 31  
Hydraulic System  
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Hydraulic System Start--up  
NOTE: When initially starting the hydraulic system with  
new or rebuilt components such as the hydraulic pump,  
wheel motors or lift cylinder, it is important that this start--  
up procedure be used. This procedure reduces the  
chance of damaging the hydraulic system or its compo-  
nents from not purging the system of air.  
C. Attach a heavy chain between the rear of the ma-  
chine frame and something immovable in the shop to  
prevent the machine from moving during the bleed-  
ing process.  
IMPORTANT: Make sure oil flow indicator arrow  
on the flow gauge is showing that oil will flow  
from the test port of traction line and through the  
tester.  
1. After the hydraulic system components have been  
properly installed and if the hydraulic pump was rebuilt  
or replaced, make sure traction pump housing is at least  
half full of clean hydraulic oil (see Operator’s Manual for  
oil specifications).  
D. Connect inletend ofhydraulic tester with flow me-  
ter and pressure gauges to test port in upper traction  
line (Fig. 27). Place outlet end of tester in a drain con-  
tainer. Make sure that flow control valve on the tester  
is fully closed.  
2. Make sure allhydraulic connections andlines arese-  
cured tightly.  
3. Make sure hydraulic reservoir is full. Add correct oil  
if necessary (see Operator’s Manual). Drain, flush and  
refill hydraulic system reservoir and change oil filter if  
component failure was severe or if system is contami-  
nated.  
E. Check hydraulic reservoir level and fill if neces-  
sary.  
F. Start engine and move traction lever to the for-  
ward direction to allow the wheels to rotate slowly.  
NOTE: Bleeding the traction circuit might require  
approximately five (5) minutes of running.  
4. After repairs, check control linkage for proper adjust-  
ment, binding or broken parts. Correct any problems be-  
fore proceeding.  
IMPORTANT: When bleeding the traction circuit,  
tester valve should be barely open which will al-  
low a slow stream of oil from tester outlet.  
5. Disconnect and ground both engine spark plug wires  
to prevent engine from starting.  
G. While traction lever is held in the forward direction  
(wheels turning), have second person slowly open  
valve on tester very slightly to allow air out of traction  
circuit. Air in the traction circuit will be indicated by  
foamy oil coming from the outlet end of the tester.  
6. Make sure traction lever is in neutral. Turn ignition  
key switch to start; engage starter for ten (10) seconds  
to prime hydraulic pump. Repeat this step again.  
7. Reattach both spark plug wires.  
8. Apply parking brake and make sure traction lever is  
in neutral. Start engine and run at low idle. The charge  
pump should pick up oil and fill the hydraulic system.  
H. While bleeding the traction circuit, if more than .5  
gallon (1.9 liters) of oil is removed, close tester valve  
and release traction lever. Check hydraulic oil reser-  
voir level and fill if necessary. Continue with bleeding  
procedure.  
9. If traction circuit was repaired (e.g. hydrostat or  
wheel motor was replaced), bleed the traction circuit to  
evacuate air from the circuit:  
I. When allevidence offoamy oilhas been evacuat-  
ed from the traction circuit, close tester valve, re-  
lease traction lever and stop engine.  
NOTE: Before bleeding the traction circuit, review the  
following procedure (steps A through L) completely.  
J. Remove tester from traction circuit test port.  
Check hydraulic reservoir level and fill if necessary.  
A. Stop engine and relieve pressure in traction cir-  
cuit by moving traction lever to both forward and re-  
verse direction.  
K. If the hydrostat or a wheel motor was replaced or  
rebuilt, start engine and operate the traction system  
so the wheels rotate slowly for 10 minutes.  
B. Jack up machine from floor and support machine  
with jack stands or blocking to allow wheels to turn  
freely.  
L. Lower machine to ground. Remove chain from  
rear of machine.  
Hydraulic System  
Page 4 -- 32 Rev. A  
ProCore 648  
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10.Start engine and operate the traction system at vary-  
ing speeds for a 10 minute period.  
1
11.Stop the machine. Check hydraulic reservoir level  
and fill if necessary. Check hydraulic components for  
leaks and tighten any loose connections.  
2
Figure 27  
1. Test port  
2. Hydraulic manifold  
ProCore 648  
Page 4 -- 33 Rev. A  
Hydraulic System  
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Hydraulic Pump Drive Belt  
4
FRONT  
RIGHT  
6
7
2
5
8
3
9
10  
11  
1
Anti–seize  
lubricant  
12  
16  
17  
13  
15  
14  
Figure 27  
1. Flange nut (2 used)  
2. Hydraulic (traction/charge) pump  
3. Key  
7. Spring bracket  
8. Idler support bracket  
9. Idler pulley  
13. Hydraulic pump pulley  
14. Pump drive belt  
15. L bracket  
4. Engine  
10. Flange nut  
16. Flange head screw  
17. Flange head screw (2 used)  
5. Engine pulley  
6. Flange head screw  
11. Tensioning spring  
12. Set screw  
Hydraulic System  
Page 4 – 34  
ProCore 648  
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Drive Belt Removal (Fig. 27)  
Drive Belt Installation (Fig. 27)  
1. Park machine on a level surface, fully raise coring  
head, engage parking brake, stop engine and remove  
key from the ignition switch. Secure coring head with  
service latch.  
1. Install pump drive belt to pulleys.  
2. Lift idler pulley and insert pump drive belt under idler.  
3. Allow tensioning spring to apply tension to idler  
pulley. Tighten flange head screw (item 6) and flange nut  
(item 10) to secure belt adjustment.  
2. Remove pump belt cover from machine (see Opera-  
tor’s Manual).  
4. Install coring head primary drive belt to electric clutch  
(see Primary Drive Belt Installation in Service and Reꢀ  
pairs section of Chapter 7 – Coring Head).  
3. Remove coring head primary drive belt from electric  
clutch (see Primary Drive Belt Removal in Service and  
Repairs section of Chapter 7 – Coring Head).  
5. Install pump belt cover to machine (see Operator’s  
Manual).  
4. Loosen the flange head screw (item 6) and flange nut  
(item 10) that secure the drive belt idler pulley (item 11).  
Lift idler pulley to allow removal of drive belt from the pulꢀ  
leys and the machine.  
ProCore 648  
Page 4 – 35  
Hydraulic System  
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Hydraulic Pump Control Assembly  
13  
17  
18  
16  
12  
11  
15  
14  
21  
19  
19  
22  
23  
3
20  
24  
10  
28  
7
Loctite #242  
3
29  
30  
6
28  
9
35  
5
8
31  
32  
3
36  
33  
34  
37  
25  
26  
27  
1
19  
31  
Loctite #242  
29  
4
3
RIGHT  
FRONT  
2
Figure 28  
1. Hydraulic pump  
14. Trunnion clamp  
15. Socket head screw (2 used)  
16. Pump lever  
17. Cap screw  
18. Jam nut  
19. Traction lever spacer  
20. Lock nut  
21. Ball joint  
22. Jam nut  
23. Stroke control cable  
24. Traction stud  
25. Lock washer  
26. Ball bearing  
27. Cap screw  
28. Cap screw  
29. Spherical rod end  
30. Thrust washer  
31. Flange bushing  
32. Damper  
33. Neutral lever  
34. Plug  
35. Washer head screw  
36. Cable clamp  
37. Spacing control cable  
2. Cap screw (2 used)  
3. Flange nut  
4. Lock nut  
5. Flange nut (2 used)  
6. Control bracket  
7. Washer head screw  
8. Lock nut  
9. Extension spring  
10. Speed selector pivot  
11. Retaining ring  
12. Swivel  
13. Cap screw  
Hydraulic System  
Page 4 – 36  
ProCore 648  
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Disassembly (Fig. 28)  
7
11  
10  
1. Park machine on a level surface, fully raise coring  
head, engage parking brake, stop engine and remove  
key from the ignition switch. Secure coring head with  
service latch.  
10  
8
9
6
5
4
2. Remove pump belt cover from machine (see Opera-  
tor’s Manual).  
3. Remove two (2) lock nuts that secure pump shield to  
pump (Fig. 29). Remove shield from pump. Locate and  
retrieve two (2) flat washers from tops of studs on pump  
control assembly.  
1
3
2
CAUTION  
Figure 29  
The extension spring is under tension and may  
cause personal injury during removal. Use cau-  
tion when removing spring from neutral lever.  
1. Hydraulic pump  
7. Trunnion clamp  
2. Cap screw (2 used)  
3. Control bracket  
4. Flange nut (2 used)  
5. Flat washer  
8. Socket hd screw (2 used)  
9. Washer head screw  
10. Lock nut  
11. Pump shield  
6. Pump lever  
4. Remove components from pump control assembly  
as needed using Figures 28, 29 and 30 as guides.  
Assembly (Fig. 28)  
2
1. Install removed components to pump control assem-  
bly using Figures 28, 29 and 30 as guides.  
A. If rod ends were removed from damper, apply  
Loctite #242 to threads of damper shaft before instal-  
ling rod ends.  
1
B. Damper should be secured to third hole from out-  
er end of traction lever (Fig. 30).  
2. Place two (2) flat washers to tops of studs on pump  
control assembly. Position pump shield to pump and se-  
cure with two (2) lock nuts.  
Figure 30  
1. Damper  
2. Rod end location  
3. Install pump belt cover to machine (see Operator’s  
Manual).  
4. Check traction drive for neutral and adjust if needed  
(see Operator’s Manual).  
5. Operate machine and verify hole spacing accuracy.  
Adjust if needed (see Operator’s Manual).  
ProCore 648  
Page 4 – 37  
Hydraulic System  
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Hydraulic (Traction/Charge) Pump  
5
FRONT  
RIGHT  
4
3
2
1
7
8
6
9
29  
19  
10  
21  
30  
11  
2
25  
12  
28  
22  
2
27  
24  
23  
26  
19  
20  
24  
13  
21  
17  
Anti–seize  
lubricant  
18  
14  
16  
15  
Figure 31  
1. Hydraulic (traction/charge) pump  
2. O–ring  
11. Flange nut  
12. Tensioning spring  
13. Set screw  
21. O–ring  
22. Flange nut (2 used)  
o
3. O–ring  
23. 45 hydraulic fitting  
o
4. 90 hydraulic fitting  
14. Pump pulley  
15. Pump drive belt  
16. L bracket  
24. O–ring  
25. O–ring  
5. Engine  
6. Engine pulley  
7. Flange head screw  
8. Spring bracket  
9. Idler support bracket  
10. Idler pulley  
26. Hydraulic adapter  
27. O–ring  
17. Flange head screw  
o
18. Flange head screw (2 used)  
19. O–ring  
28. 90 hydraulic fitting  
29. Hydraulic fitting  
30. Key  
o
20. 90 hydraulic fitting  
Removal (Fig. 31)  
CAUTION  
1. Park machine on a level surface, fully raise coring  
head, engage parking brake, stop engine and remove  
key from the ignition switch. Secure coring head with  
service latch.  
Operate all hydraulic controls to relieve system  
pressure and avoid injury from pressurized hy-  
draulic oil. See Relieving Hydraulic System Pres-  
sure in the General Information section of this  
chapter.  
Hydraulic System  
Page 4 – 38  
ProCore 648  
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2. Remove pump belt cover from machine (see Opera-  
tor’s Manual).  
8. Remove both flange head screws and flange nuts  
securing the hydraulic pump to the pump support. Lift  
pump assembly from the machine.  
3. Loosen the flange head screw (item 7) and flange nut  
(item 11) that secure the drive belt idler pulley (item 10).  
Lift idler pulley to allow removal of drive belt from the hy-  
draulic pump pulley.  
NOTE: If hydraulic fittings are to be removed from hy-  
draulic pump, note correct orientation of fittings before  
loosening the fittings.  
IMPORTANT: Before loosening pump pulley, mark  
position of the pulley on the hydraulic pump shaft.  
Pulley position is critical for proper alignment of the  
hydraulic pump drive belt.  
9. Remove hydraulic fittings and o–rings from the pump  
as required.  
10.Discard all removed o–rings.  
4. Loosen two (2) set screws that secure pump pulley  
to the hydraulic pump shaft. Slide pulley from the pump  
shaft. Locate and remove key from pump shaft.  
7
11  
10  
10  
8
9
6
5
5. Remove two (2) lock nuts that secure pump shield to  
pump (Fig. 32). Remove shield from pump. Locate and  
retrieve two (2) flat washers from tops of studs on pump  
control assembly.  
4
6. Disconnect hydraulic pump controls (Fig. 32 and 33)  
from the pump as follows:  
1
3
CAUTION  
2
The extension spring is under tension and may  
cause personal injury during removal. Use cau-  
tion when removing spring from neutral lever.  
Figure 32  
A. Remove extension spring from the neutral lever.  
1. Hydraulic pump  
2. Cap screw (2 used)  
3. Control bracket  
4. Flange nut (2 used)  
5. Flat washer  
7. Trunnion clamp  
8. Socket hd screw (2 used)  
9. Washer head screw  
10. Lock nut  
B. Loosen two (2) socket head screws (item 8, Fig.  
32) that secure pump lever to pump trunnion shaft.  
11. Pump shield  
6. Pump lever  
C. Remove two (2) cap screws with flange nuts  
(items 2 and 4, Fig. 32) and washer head screw (item  
9, Fig. 32) that secures control bracket to hydraulic  
pump.  
3
1
D. Carefully lift pump control assembly and position  
away from pump.  
7. Disconnect all hydraulic hoses and tubes connected  
to the hydraulic fittings on the hydraulic pump assembly.  
Allow hoses to drain into a suitable container. Plug or  
cap openings of pump and hoses to prevent contamina-  
tion.  
4
3
2
CAUTION  
Figure 33  
Support hydraulic pump when removing it from  
the pump support to prevent the pump from fal-  
ling and causing personal injury.  
1. Extension spring  
2. Socket head screw  
3. Flange nut/cap screw  
4. Washer head screw  
ProCore 648  
Page 4 – 39  
Hydraulic System  
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Installation (Fig. 31)  
7. Place two (2) flat washers to tops of studs on pump  
control assembly. Position pump shield to pump and seꢀ  
cure with two (2) lock nuts.  
1. Install hydraulic fittings with new o–rings to the hyꢀ  
draulic pump. Orientate the fittings as noted during disꢀ  
assembly.  
8. Lift idler pulley and install drive belt to the pump  
pulley. Adjust drive belt tension (see Operator’s Manuꢀ  
al).  
CAUTION  
9. Install pump belt cover to machine (see Operator’s  
Manual).  
Support hydraulic pump when installing it to the  
pump support to prevent the pump from falling  
and causing personal injury.  
10.Follow Hydraulic System Start–up procedures.  
11.Check traction drive for neutral and adjust if needed  
(see Operator’s Manual).  
2. Position hydraulic pump assembly to the frame  
pump support. Secure pump to the pump support with  
two (2) flange head screws and flange nuts.  
12.Operate machine and check hole spacing. Adjust if  
needed (see Operator’s Manual).  
3. Make sure the bore of the pump pulley is clean. Apply  
anti–seize lubricant to the hydraulic pump shaft. Posiꢀ  
tion key to pump shaft and slide pulley onto pump shaft  
with the pulley hub toward the pump. Position pulley to  
the marked position on the pump shaft.  
4. Apply Loctite 242 (or equivalent) to pulley set screws  
and secure pulley to pump shaft with two (2) set screws.  
5. Remove any caps or plugs that were placed in pump  
openings, hydraulic hoses or hydraulic tubes during the  
pump removal procedure. Connect hydraulic hoses and  
tubes to hydraulic pump.  
6. Install hydraulic pump controls (Fig. 32 and 33) to the  
pump as follows:  
A. Carefully position pump control assembly to  
pump. Make sure pump lever with attached trunnion  
clamp is placed over pump trunnion shaft.  
B. Secure control bracket to hydraulic pump with  
two (2) cap screws with flange nuts and washer head  
screw.  
C. Secure pump lever to pump trunnion shaft with  
two (2) socket head screws.  
CAUTION  
The extension spring is under tension and may  
cause personal injury during installation. Use  
caution when installing the spring to the neutral  
lever.  
D. Install extension spring to the neutral lever.  
Hydraulic System  
Page 4 – 40  
ProCore 648  
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Hydraulic (Traction/Charge) Pump Service  
23  
1
24  
22  
21  
2
5
3
4
19  
18  
20  
9
6
7
14  
8
10  
11  
13  
12  
15  
16  
17  
26  
31  
25  
32  
28  
29  
27  
30  
Figure 34  
1. Retaining ring  
2. Seal  
12. Valve plate  
23. Guide slot  
13. Forward relief valve  
14. By–pass valve  
15. Endcap kit  
16. Check ball (2 used)  
17. Check spring (2 used)  
18. Pin (2 used)  
19. Reverse relief valve  
20. Cylinder block kit  
21. Thrust bearing  
22. Swash plate  
24. Trunnion arm  
25. Ring  
3. Spacer  
4. Pump shaft kit  
5. Pump housing  
6. Thrust washer  
7. Spring block  
8. Nut (4 used)  
9. Trunnion seal kit  
10. Pin (2 used)  
11. O–ring  
26. Adapter plate  
27. Flange head screw (4 used)  
28. Coupler  
29. O–ring  
30. Gear pump (P2) (charge/lift)  
31. Washer (2 used)  
32. Cap screw (2 used)  
NOTE: For repair of the hydraulic (traction/charge)  
pump, see the HYDRO–GEAR BDP–10A/16A/21L HY-  
DROSTATIC PUMPS SERVICE AND REPAIR MANU-  
AL (hydrostat) and the SAUER DANFOSS GROUP 2  
GEAR PUMPS AND MOTORS SERVICE MANUAL  
(gear pump) at the end of this chapter.  
ProCore 648  
Page 4 – 41  
Hydraulic System  
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Wheel Motors  
190 to 230 ft–lb  
(258 to 312 N–m)  
2
3
1
4
5
6
7
8
12  
11  
20  
10  
9
13  
19  
45 to 55 ft–lb  
(61 to 75 N–m)  
190 to 230 ft–lb  
(258 to 312 N–m)  
2
18  
12  
14  
7
15  
16  
17  
4
10  
6
RIGHT  
8
45 to 55 ft–lb  
15  
16  
12  
(61 to 75 N–m)  
FRONT  
9
17  
Figure 35  
8. Bearing plate  
9. Lug nut  
1. Rear wheel motor (LH shown)  
2. Woodruff key  
15. Wheel weight adapter  
16. Stud  
3. Parking latch support (2 used)  
4. Stud (4 used per wheel)  
5. Parking latch disc (2 used)  
6. Wheel hub  
10. Tire and wheel assembly  
11. Cap screw (4 used per rear motor)  
12. Lock nut (4 used per motor)  
13. Frame  
17. Thrust washer  
18. Front wheel motor  
19. Front fork  
20. Cap screw (4 used)  
7. Lock nut  
14. Front wheel weight  
Removal (Fig. 35)  
CAUTION  
1. Park machine on a level surface, fully raise coring  
head, engage parking brake, stop engine and remove  
key from the ignition switch. Secure coring head with  
service latch.  
Operate all hydraulic controls to relieve system  
pressure and avoid injury from pressurized hy-  
draulic oil. See Relieving Hydraulic System Pres-  
sure in the General Information section of this  
chapter.  
Hydraulic System  
Page 4 – 42  
ProCore 648  
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2. Remove wheel from machine (see Wheel Removal  
in Service and Repairs section of Chapter 6 – Chassis).  
3. If rear wheel motor was removed, slide parking latch  
link through parking latch bar and secure with hair pin  
(Fig. 36).  
IMPORTANT: To prevent damage to hydraulic motor,  
DO NOT hit wheel hub or motor with a hammer dur-  
ing wheel hub removal or installation.  
4. Remove caps or plugs that were put on any hydraulic  
lines or fittings during disassembly.  
3. Loosen nut that secures wheel hub to motor shaft.  
Use wheel hub puller (see Special Tools) to free wheel  
hub assembly from motor shaft. Remove nut and hub  
assembly from motor shaft. Locate and retrieve wood-  
ruff key from motor shaft.  
5. Install hydraulic lines to hydraulic fittings on wheel  
motor. Tighten connections.  
6. Make sure that wheel motor shaft and wheel hub ta-  
per are thoroughly cleaned.  
7. Install woodruff key into motor shaft keyslot. Slide  
wheel hub assembly onto motor shaft. Secure wheel  
hub to motor shaft with nut. Torque nut from 190 to 230  
ft–lbs (258 to 312 N–m).  
A. Front wheel hub assembly includes wheel hub,  
bearing plate and wheel studs.  
B. Rear wheel hub assembly includes wheel hub,  
bearing plate, parking latch disc and wheel studs.  
A. Front hub assembly includes wheel hub, bearing  
plate and wheel studs.  
4. Clean wheel motor and hydraulic connections. Label  
hydraulic lines for assembly purposes.  
B. Rear hub assembly includes wheel hub, bearing  
plate, parking latch disc and wheel studs.  
5. Disconnect hydraulic lines from hydraulic fittings on  
motor to be removed. Allow hydraulic oil to drain from  
lines into a suitable container. Put caps or plugs on open  
hydraulic lines and fittings to prevent contamination.  
8. Install wheel to machine (see Wheel Installation in  
Service and Repairs section of Chapter 6 – Chassis).  
Tighten lug nuts from 45 to 55 ft–lb (61 to 75 N–m).  
6. If rear wheel motor is being removed, pull hair pin  
that secures parking latch link to parking latch bar (Fig.  
36). Slide link from bar and position link away from park-  
ing latch support.  
9. Follow Hydraulic System Start–up procedures.  
7. Support wheel motor. Remove four (4) cap screws  
and lock nuts that secure motor to frame. If rear wheel  
motor is being removed, remove parking latch support  
and parking latch bar. Pull wheel motor from the ma-  
chine.  
1
2
NOTE: If hydraulic fittings are to be removed from  
wheel motor, note correct orientation of fittings before  
loosening the fittings.  
8. If required, remove hydraulic fittings and o–rings  
from the wheel motor. Discard o–rings.  
3
Installation (Fig. 35)  
4
1. If removed, install hydraulic fittings with new o–rings  
into the wheel motor. Orientate the fittings as noted dur-  
ing disassembly.  
5
Figure 36  
2. Position and support wheel motor to the frame.  
1. Parking latch link  
2. Hair pin  
3. Parking latch bar  
4. Parking latch support  
5. Wheel motor shaft  
A. On front wheel motor, insert four (4) cap screws  
through front fork holes and then through motor  
flange. Secure motor to front fork with lock nuts.  
B. On rear wheel motor, insert four (4) cap screws  
through holes in parking latch support (with parking  
latch bar installed) and then through motor flange  
and frame. Secure motor to frame with lock nuts.  
ProCore 648  
Page 4 – 43  
Hydraulic System  
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Wheel Motor Service  
1
2
3
4
6
5
6
7
8
9
10  
11  
12  
13  
16  
14  
15  
18  
19  
20  
22  
17  
21  
Figure 37  
1. Dust seal  
9. O–ring  
16. Cardan shaft  
17. O–ring  
18. Gearwheel set  
19. End cover  
20. Name plate  
21. Washer (7 used)  
22. Cap screws (7 used)  
2. Housing  
10. Spring washer  
11. Balance plate  
12. Disc valve  
3. O–ring  
4. Shaft seal  
5. Axial needle bearing  
6. Bearing race  
7. Needle bearing  
8. Shaft  
13. Needle bearing  
14. Bearing race  
15. Distributor plate  
NOTE: The three wheel motors on the ProCore 648 are  
similar in construction but are different from each other.  
The front wheel motor (24 c.i. per revolution) has a differ-  
ent displacement than the rear motors and has a count-  
er–clockwise direction for the forward direction. The  
right and left rear wheel motors have the same displace-  
ment (12 c.i. per revolution) but have different rotation  
for the forward direction: the right rear has a clockwise  
drive direction for forward and the left rear has a count-  
er–clockwise direction. Displacement and primary rota-  
tion (forward) direction are identified on the motor name  
plate.  
NOTE: For repair of the wheel motors, see the SAUER  
DANFOSS OMEW HYDRAULIC MOTOR SERVICE  
MANUAL at the end of this chapter.  
Hydraulic System  
Page 4 – 44  
ProCore 648  
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ProCore 648  
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Hydraulic System  
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Hydraulic Lift Control Manifold  
2
3
4
1
RIGHT  
FRONT  
5
Figure 38  
1. Main frame  
2. Cap screws (2 used)  
3. Hydraulic lift control manifold  
4. Hydraulic oil filter  
5. Flange nut (2 used)  
Hydraulic System  
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ProCore 648  
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Removal (Fig. 38)  
3. Remove caps or plugs that were put on any hydraulic  
lines or fittings during disassembly.  
1. Park machine on a level surface, fully raise coring  
head, engage parking brake, stop engine and remove  
key from the ignition switch. Secure coring head with  
service latch.  
4. Lightly oil new o–rings for hydraulic fitting and hose  
locations.  
5. Correctly connect hydraulic fittings and lines to the  
manifold. Tighten all hydraulic fittings and connections.  
CAUTION  
6. Secure hydraulic manifold by tightening two (2) cap  
screws and flange nuts.  
Operate all hydraulic controls to relieve system  
pressure and avoid injury from pressurized hy-  
draulic oil. See Relieving Hydraulic System Pres-  
sure in the General Information section of this  
chapter.  
7. Reconnect solenoid valve electrical connectors.  
8. Follow Hydraulic System Start–up procedures.  
NOTE: The ports on the manifold are marked for easy  
identification of components. Example: P is the pump  
connection port and R1 is the location for the relief valve  
(See Hydraulic Schematic to identify the function of the  
hydraulic lines and cartridge valves at each manifold  
port location).  
11  
10  
12  
13  
2. Disconnect solenoid valve electrical connectors.  
2
3
NOTE: The hydraulic reservoir will drain when the hy-  
draulic oil filter is removed from the hydraulic manifold.  
4
3. Clean area around hydraulic filter mounting area.  
Remove filter from hydraulic manifold and drain reser-  
voir into a suitable container. Discard filter.  
9
5
6
1
2
7
4. Clean manifold and hydraulic connections. Discon-  
nect hydraulic lines. Label all connections for assembly.  
3
8
4
5. Allow hydraulic lines to drain into a suitable contain-  
er. Put caps or plugs on disconnected hoses and fittings  
to prevent contamination. Discard any removed o–  
rings.  
Figure 39  
1. Hydraulic manifold  
2. O–ring  
3. Hydraulic fitting  
4. O–ring  
5. O–ring  
6. Hydraulic fitting  
7. O–ring  
8. Barbed fitting  
9. O–ring  
10. Hydraulic oil filter  
11. Dust cap (2 used)  
12. Quick fitting (2 used)  
13. O–ring (2 used)  
6. Remove two (2) cap screws and flange nuts that se-  
cure hydraulic manifold to the frame mounting bracket.  
7. Remove hydraulic manifold from the machine.  
8. Remove hydraulic fittings from manifold as needed  
(Fig. 39).  
Installation (Fig. 38)  
1. Position hydraulic manifold to the frame mounting  
bracket. Install two (2) cap screws and flange nuts but  
do not tighten.  
2. Make sure all hydraulic connections, ports and fit-  
tings are clean.  
ProCore 648  
Page 4 – 47  
Hydraulic System  
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Hydraulic Lift Control Manifold Service  
5 ft–lb  
(6.8 N–m)  
5 ft–lb  
9
(6.8 N–m)  
5
6
6
25 ft–lb  
(33.9 N–m)  
20 ft–lb  
(27.1 N–m)  
7
8
11  
4
3
20 ft–lb  
(27.1 N–m)  
10  
120 in–lb  
(13.6 N–m)  
2
12  
1
13  
20 ft–lb  
(27.1 N–m)  
15  
14  
Figure 40  
1. Hydraulic lift control manifold  
2. O–ring  
3. Quick fitting (2 used)  
4. Solenoid valve (SVL port)  
5. Nut  
6. Solenoid coil  
11. Pres. compensating valve (PV port)  
12. #4 plug (zero leak)  
13. Orifice plug  
7. Relief valve (R1 port)  
8. Solenoid valve (SVQ port)  
9. Nut  
14. Check valve  
10. Solenoid valve (SVR port)  
15. Plug  
NOTE: The ports on the manifold are marked for easy  
identification of components. Example: P is the pump  
connection port and R1 is the location for the relief valve  
(See Hydraulic Schematics to identify the function of the  
hydraulic lines and cartridge valves at each port).  
NOTE: The ProCore 648 hydraulic lift control manifold  
uses two zero leak plugs (item 12). These plugs have a  
tapered sealing surface on the plug head that is de-  
signed to resist vibration induced plug loosening. The  
zero leak plugs also have an o–ring (not shown) as a  
secondary seal. If zero leak plug removal is necessary,  
lightly rap the plug head using a punch and hammer be-  
fore using an allen wrench to remove the plug: the im-  
pact will allow plug removal with less chance of damage  
to the socket head of the plug. When installing plug,  
torque 120 in–lb (13.6 N–m).  
Hydraulic System  
Page 4 – 48  
ProCore 648  
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Hydraulic Manifold Service  
CAUTION  
1. Make sure the manifold is clean before removing any  
cartridge valve.  
Abrupt movement of internal spools can cause  
stored fluid to be released suddenly.  
2. If solenoid cartridge is being serviced, remove nut  
securing solenoid to the cartridge valve. Carefully slide  
solenoid off the valve.  
6. Clean cartridge valve by submerging valve in clean  
mineral spirits to flush out contamination. Particles as  
fine as talcum powder can affect the operation of high  
pressure hydraulic valves. If cartridge design allows,  
use a wood or plastic probe to push the internal spool in  
and out 20 to 30 times to flush out contamination. Be exꢀ  
tremely careful not to damage cartridge. Use comꢀ  
pressed air for cleaning.  
CAUTION  
Operate all hydraulic controls to relieve system  
pressure and avoid injury from pressurized hyꢀ  
draulic oil. See Relieving Hydraulic System Presꢀ  
sure in the General Information section of this  
chapter.  
7. Reinstall the cartridge valve:  
A. Lubricate new seal kit components with clean hyꢀ  
draulic oil and install on valve. The o–rings, sealing  
rings and backup rings must be arranged properly on  
the cartridge valve for proper operation and sealing.  
IMPORTANT: Use care when handling the cartridge  
valve. Slight bending or distortion of the stem tube  
can cause binding and malfunction.  
3. Remove cartridge valve with a deep socket wrench.  
Note correct location for o–rings, sealing rings and  
backup rings. Remove and discard seal kit from valve.  
IMPORTANT: Use care when handling the valve  
cartridge. Slight bending or distortion of the  
stem tube can cause binding and malfunction.  
4. Visually inspect the manifold port for damage to the  
sealing surfaces, damaged threads and contamination.  
B. Thread cartridge valve carefully into correct manꢀ  
ifold port. The valve should go in easily without bindꢀ  
ing.  
5. Visually inspect cartridge valve for damaged sealing  
surfaces and contamination.  
C. Torque cartridge valve using a deep socket to valꢀ  
ues identified in Figure 40.  
A. Contamination may cause valves to stick or hang  
up. Contamination can become lodged in small valve  
orifices or seal areas causing malfunction.  
8. If solenoid cartridge was removed, carefully install  
solenoid coil onto the cartridge valve. Install nut and  
torque nut to 5 ft–lb (6.8 N–m).  
B. If valve sealing surfaces appear pitted or damꢀ  
aged, the hydraulic system may be overheating or  
there may be water in the system.  
9. After assembly, if problems still exist, remove valve  
and clean again or replace valve.  
CAUTION  
Use eye protection such as goggles when using  
compressed air for cartridge valve cleaning.  
ProCore 648  
Page 4 – 49  
Hydraulic System  
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Lift Cylinder  
5
6
4
RIGHT  
FRONT  
9
10  
3
11  
14  
15  
7
12  
10  
13  
2
9
16  
17  
8
9
18  
1
11  
Figure 41  
9
1. Main frame  
7. Clevis pin (4 used)  
8. Hair pin (4 used)  
9. Retaining ring  
10. Thrust washer  
11. Cylinder pin  
13. Lift cylinder  
14. O–ring  
15. Hydraulic fitting  
16. O–ring  
17. Hydraulic hose  
18. Coring head frame  
2. Shackle (4 used)  
3. Extension spring (2 used)  
4. Carriage screw (4 used)  
5. Spring plate (2 used)  
6. Flange nut (4 used)  
12. Spacer (2 used)  
Removal (Fig. 41)  
4. Disconnect the lower end of one extension spring  
(item 2) from frame:  
1. Park machine on a level surface, fully raise coring  
head, engage parking brake, stop engine and remove  
key from the ignition switch. Secure coring head with  
service latch.  
A. Remove service latch from coring head. Turn key  
switch to ON (engine not running). Move traction le-  
ver to forward direction and depress lower switch on  
handle to fully lower coring head.  
2. Remove rear hood (see Operator’s Manual).  
B. Loosen, but do not remove, both flange nuts (item  
6) that secure the spring plate (item 5) for one of the  
extension springs.  
3. Remove tine heads from stomper arms to allow cor-  
ing head to be fully lowered.  
C. Using a 1/2” breaker bar, hold spring plate (item  
5) to prevent it from moving and remove upper  
flange nut and carriage screw (item 4) from spring  
plate and coring head frame (Fig. 42).  
CAUTION  
The extension spring is under tension and may  
cause personal injury during removal. Use cau-  
tion when disconnecting spring from machine.  
D. Using lower carriage screw and flange nut as a  
pivot, carefully release tension on extension spring  
by rotating spring plate with breaker bar.  
E. Remove hair pin (item 8) and clevis pin (item 7)  
that secure spring shackle (item 2) to frame.  
Hydraulic System  
Page 4 – 50  
ProCore 648  
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5. Start engine and allow coring head to fully raise. Turn  
engine off. Secure coring head with service latch.  
5. Remove plugs from disconnected hose and fitting.  
6. Connect hydraulic hose with new o–ring to hydraulic  
fitting on lift cylinder. Tighten hose connection.  
CAUTION  
7. Install disconnected extension spring to machine in  
reverse order of disassembly.  
Operate all hydraulic controls to relieve system  
pressure and avoid injury from pressurized hyꢀ  
draulic oil. See Relieving Hydraulic System Presꢀ  
sure in the General Information section of this  
chapter.  
8. Install rear hood.  
9. Install tine heads to stomper arms (see Operator’s  
Manual).  
10.Follow Hydraulic System Start–up procedures.  
6. Release hydraulic pressure in lift cylinder:  
A. Turn key switch to ON (engine not running).  
2
B. Move traction lever to forward direction and deꢀ  
press lower switch on handle to lower coring head  
onto service latch.  
3
7. Disconnect hydraulic hose from hydraulic fitting on  
lift cylinder. Locate and discard o–ring from between  
hose and fitting. Allow hose to drain into a suitable conꢀ  
tainer.  
4
8. Plug disconnected hose and fitting to prevent conꢀ  
tamination.  
1
9. Remove one retaining ring from the upper cylinder  
pin. Pull upper cylinder pin from the lift cylinder and corꢀ  
ing head frame. Locate and retrieve spacer and thrust  
washer from each side of cylinder pivot (Fig. 43).  
Figure 42  
1. Extension spring  
3. Lower carriage screw  
4. 1/2” drive hole  
2. Upper carriage screw  
10.Remove one retaining ring from the lower cylinder  
pin on the side of the disconnected extension spring.  
Support lift cylinder and slide lower cylinder pin from the  
lift cylinder and machine frame.  
2
4
4
2
11.Remove lift cylinder from the machine.  
3
12.If needed, remove hydraulic fitting and o–ring from  
the lift cylinder. Discard o–ring.  
Installation (Fig. 41)  
1
1. If removed, install hydraulic fitting and new o–ring  
into lift cylinder.  
2. Position lift cylinder to the machine mounting points.  
Make sure the port of the lift cylinder faces the front of  
the machine.  
Figure 43  
1. Lift cylinder shaft  
2. Thrust washer  
3. Cylinder pin  
4. Spacer  
3. Align lower lift cylinder mounting hole with frame  
mount. Install cylinder pin and secure with retaining ring.  
4. Align upper lift cylinder pivot with slots in the coring  
head frame. Install cylinder pin making sure that a  
spacer is on each side of the cylinder pivot and a thrust  
washer is positioned between coring head frame and reꢀ  
taining ring (Fig. 43). Secure with retaining ring.  
ProCore 648  
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Hydraulic System  
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Lift Cylinder Service  
8
9
6
7
5
4
3
2
1
Figure 44  
1. Retaining ring  
2. Cylinder tube  
3. Rod  
4. O–ring  
7. Seal  
5. Backup ring  
8. Head  
6. Retaining ring  
9. Wiper  
Disassembly (Fig. 44)  
5. Mount rod securely in a vise by clamping vise on the  
flats of the pivot. Remove retaining ring (item 1) and  
carefully slide head from the shaft.  
1. Remove oil from the lift cylinder into a drain pan by  
slowly pumping the cylinder rod. Plug port and clean  
the outside of the lift cylinder.  
6. Remove and discard o–ring (item 4), backup ring  
(item 5), seal (item 7) and wiper (item 9) from the head.  
IMPORTANT: Prevent damage when clamping the  
lift cylinder into a vise; clamp on the pivot only. Do  
not close vise enough to distort tube.  
Spanner  
wrench  
2. Mount lift cylinder in a vise so that the shaft end tilts  
up slightly.  
3. Rotate head (item 8) with a spanner wrench and re-  
move retaining ring (item 6) as shown in Figure 45.  
Retaining  
ring  
4. Grasp end of rod; extract rod and head by carefully  
twisting and pulling on the rod.  
Figure 45  
IMPORTANT: Do not clamp vise jaws against rod  
surface. Protect rod surface before mounting in  
vise.  
Hydraulic System  
Page 4 – 52  
ProCore 648  
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Inspection  
CAUTION  
Spanner  
wrench  
Use eye protection such as goggles when using  
compressed air  
Retaining ring  
(Offset end  
against left side of  
barrel groove  
after installing)  
1. Wash all parts in solvent. Dry parts with compressed  
air.  
2. Inspect internal surface of tube for deep scratches,  
out–of–roundness and bending. Replace if worn or  
damaged.  
Figure 46  
3. Inspect rod and head for excessive pitting, scoring or  
wear. Replace any worn or damaged parts.  
Assembly (Fig. 44)  
1. Coat new o–ring (item 4), backup ring (item 5), seal  
(item 7) and wiper (item 9) with hydraulic oil. Install sealꢀ  
ing components to the head.  
IMPORTANT: Do not clamp vise jaws against rod  
surface. Protect rod surface before mounting in  
vise.  
2. Mount rod securely in a vise by clamping vise on the  
pivot end of the shaft. Carefully slide head assembly  
onto the rod. Install retaining ring (item 1).  
3. Remove rod assembly from vise.  
IMPORTANT: Prevent damage when clamping the  
tube into a vise; clamp on the pivot end only. Do not  
close vise enough to distort tube.  
4. Mount tube in a vise so that the rod end tilts up slightꢀ  
ly.  
5. Coat all internal lift cylinder parts with a light coating  
of hydraulic oil. Slide rod and head assembly into tube  
being careful not to damage the seals.  
6. Secure head in tube by installing retaining ring (item  
6). Align key slot in head with the access groove in the  
tube. Rotate head clockwise as far as the retaining ring  
will allow. The offset end of the retaining ring will be  
against the left side of the tube groove as shown in Figꢀ  
ure 46.  
ProCore 648  
Page 4 – 53  
Hydraulic System  
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Hydraulic Reservoir  
5
4
6
7
3
8
2
9
1
19  
18  
12  
10  
11  
12  
FRONT  
RIGHT  
17  
16  
14  
12  
13  
15  
Figure 47  
1. Hydraulic reservoir  
2. Dipstick  
3. Cap  
8. Flat washer  
9. Frame  
10. O–ring  
14. Hydraulic tube  
15. Suction hose  
16. Hose clamp  
4. Shoulder screw  
5. Tank strap  
6. Cap screw  
7. J clip  
11. Hydraulic adapter  
12. O–ring  
13. Hydraulic tube  
17. Hydraulic barb fitting  
18. Hydraulic tee fitting  
19. O–ring  
Inspecting Reservoir (Fig. 47)  
3. Replace any hydraulic hose, tube or fitting if dam-  
aged or leaking.  
1. Clean hydraulic reservoir with solvent.  
4. Make sure cap screw (item 6) that secures tank strap  
is tight.  
2. Inspect reservoir for leaks, cracks or other damage.  
Hydraulic System  
Page 4 – 54  
ProCore 648  
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Chapter 5  
Electrical System  
Table of Contents  
ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1  
CIRCUIT OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2  
OK to Lower Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2  
Lockout Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4  
Electric Clutch Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6  
SPECIAL TOOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7  
TROUBLESHOOTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8  
Starting Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8  
General Run Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9  
Coring Head Operating Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . 10  
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM QUICK CHECKS . . . . . . . . 11  
Battery Test (Open Circuit Test) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11  
Charging System Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11  
Check Operation of Interlock Switches . . . . . . . . 12  
COMPONENT TESTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13  
Ignition Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13  
Engine Oil Pressure Indicator Light . . . . . . . . . . . 14  
Hour Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14  
Relays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15  
Manual Raise/Lower Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16  
Ground Follow Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17  
Lift Reset Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18  
Solenoid Valve Coil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19  
Head Low and Head High Limit Switches . . . . . . 20  
Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21  
Proximity Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22  
Aerator Control Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24  
Electric Clutch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26  
Diode Assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27  
SERVICE AND REPAIRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28  
Battery Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28  
Battery Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28  
Battery Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29  
Electric Clutch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32  
Solenoid Valve Coil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34  
Electrical Diagrams  
The electrical schematic, electrical circuit drawings and  
wire harness drawings for the ProCore 648 are located  
in Chapter 8 – Electrical Diagrams.  
ProCore 648  
Electrical System  
Page 5 – 1  
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Circuit Operation  
NOTE: This section provides information concerning  
three sequential, electrical circuits that are used on the  
ProCore 648. Use these descriptions along with the  
electrical diagrams and schematics found in Chapter 8  
– Electrical Diagrams to better understand circuit operaꢀ  
tion.  
OK to Lower Circuit (Fig. 1)  
The ”OK to lower” circuit is one of the inputs used by the  
aerator control module to allow current output to the  
raise and lower hydraulic solenoid valves (SVL, SVR  
and SVQ). This circuit is composed of the manual raise/  
lower switch, the neutral switch (latch) relay, the latching  
relay, the reverse proximity switch and diode D1. ”OK to  
lower” circuit protection is provided by fuse F3.  
Aerating (Traction Lever in Forward)  
Once the ”OK to lower” circuit has initially been closed  
by the manual raise/lower switch, the latching relay and  
diode D1 allow a latch circuit to keep the latching relay  
energized. The manual raise/lower switch in the middle,  
aerate position along with the energized latching relay  
provide a closed path for the ”OK to lower” input to the  
aerator control module. The ”OK to lower” LED on the  
aerator control module will continue to be illuminated  
while aerating.  
Traction Lever in Neutral or Reverse  
When the traction lever is in either the neutral or reverse  
position, the reverse proximity switch is closed which alꢀ  
lows the neutral switch (latch) relay to be energized.  
This energized relay prevents an ”OK to lower” input for  
the aerator control so the coring head remains in the  
raised position. The ”OK to lower” LED on the aerator  
control module will not be illuminated.  
The ”OK to lower” input to the aerator control module will  
remain closed until either the operator presses the  
manual raise/lower switch to the raise position or the  
traction lever is moved to the neutral or reverse position.  
Begin Aerating (Traction Lever in Forward)  
To begin aerating, the operator moves the traction lever  
to the forward direction which opens the reverse proximꢀ  
ity switch and de–energizes the neutral switch (latch)  
relay. When the manual raise/lower switch is pressed to  
the lower position, a complete circuit is formed to allow  
the latching relay to be energized which allows an ”OK  
to lower” input for the aerator control. The ”OK to lower”  
LED on the aerator control module will be illuminated.  
The aerator control module will provide output to the  
SVQ and SVL solenoid valves to lower the coring head.  
Electrical System  
ProCore 648  
Page 5 – 2  
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CONTROL MODULE  
”OK TO LOWER” LED  
IS NOT ILLUMINATED  
TO IGNITION  
SWITCH  
TRACTION LEVER IN NEUTRAL OR REVERSE  
TERMINAL ”L”  
GROUND  
TO AERATOR  
CONTROL MODULE  
OK TO LOWER  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(IN RAISE POSITION)  
(ENERGIZED)  
GROUND  
TO  
TO  
LOCKOUT  
AERATION #3  
CIRCUIT  
PROX. SWITCH  
CONTROL MODULE  
”OK TO LOWER” LED  
IS ILLUMINATED  
TO IGNITION  
SWITCH  
BEGIN AERATING (TRACTION LEVER IN FORWARD)  
TERMINAL ”L”  
GROUND  
TO AERATOR  
CONTROL MODULE  
OK TO LOWER  
(ENERGIZED)  
(PRESSED TO LOWER)  
(2 AND 3 CLOSED, 5 AND 6 CLOSED)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
GROUND  
TO  
TO  
LOCKOUT  
AERATION #3  
CIRCUIT  
PROX. SWITCH  
CONTROL MODULE  
”OK TO LOWER” LED  
IS ILLUMINATED  
TO IGNITION  
SWITCH  
TERMINAL ”L”  
AERATING (TRACTION LEVER IN FORWARD)  
GROUND  
TO AERATOR  
CONTROL MODULE  
OK TO LOWER  
(ENERGIZED)  
(IN MIDDLE/AERATE POSITION)  
(2 AND 3 CLOSED)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
GROUND  
TO  
TO  
LOCKOUT  
AERATION #3  
CIRCUIT  
PROX. SWITCH  
CONTROL CURRENT  
OK TO LOWER  
Figure 1  
ProCore 648  
Electrical System  
Page 5 – 3  
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Lockout Circuit (Fig. 2)  
The lockout circuit is used on the ProCore to provide curꢀ  
rent for the raise and lower hydraulic solenoid valves  
(SVL, SVR and SVQ). This circuit is composed of the  
transport limit #2 proximity switch, the lockout relay, the  
lockout latch relay, the lift/reset switch and diode D2.  
When this circuit is closed, current is provided to the aerꢀ  
ator control module to allow energizing of the solenoid  
valves. Lockout circuit protection is provided by fuse F3.  
Coring Head Stranded  
If the coring head is stranded in the lowered position  
(e.g. the engine runs out of gas while aerating), the  
transport limit #2 proximity switch will be open and will  
prevent the relays in the lockout circuit from energizing.  
In this situation, no current will be available to the soleꢀ  
noid valves so the coring head cannot be raised. Pressꢀ  
ing the lift/reset switch provides the necessary ground  
path for completing the lockout circuit. Once the lockout  
circuit is closed, solenoid valve operation is resumed to  
allow the coring head to raise.  
Coring Head Raised  
With the coring head in the raised position, the transport  
limit #2 proximity switch is closed which completes the  
lockout circuit. Hydraulic solenoid valve operation is  
possible at this time which allows the coring head to be  
lowered and aeration to occur.  
Aerating  
Once the lockout circuit has initially been closed by  
transport limit #2 proximity switch, the lockout latch relay  
and diode D2 allow a latch circuit to keep the lockout  
relay energized and hydraulic solenoid valve operation  
to continue while aerating.  
Electrical System  
ProCore 648  
Page 5 – 4  
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CORING HEAD RAISED  
TO AERATOR  
CONTROL  
MODULE  
TO IGNITION  
SWITCH  
TERMINAL ”L”  
GROUND  
(ENERGIZED)  
(ENERGIZED)  
(NOT PRESSED)  
TO ELECTRIC CLUTCH  
TO IGNITION SWITCH  
TERMINAL ”A”  
AERATING  
TO AERATOR  
CONTROL  
MODULE  
TO IGNITION  
SWITCH  
TERMINAL ”L”  
GROUND  
(ENERGIZED)  
(ENERGIZED)  
(NOT PRESSED)  
TO ELECTRIC CLUTCH  
TO IGNITION SWITCH  
TERMINAL ”A”  
CORING HEAD STRANDED  
TO AERATOR  
CONTROL  
MODULE  
TO IGNITION  
SWITCH  
TERMINAL ”L”  
GROUND  
(ENERGIZED)  
(ENERGIZED)  
(PRESSED)  
TO ELECTRIC CLUTCH  
TO IGNITION SWITCH  
TERMINAL ”A”  
CONTROL CURRENT  
POWER CURRENT  
Figure 2  
ProCore 648  
Electrical System  
Page 5 – 5  
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Electric Clutch Circuit (Fig. 3)  
The electric clutch circuit is used on the ProCore to proꢀ  
vide current for the electric clutch which rotates the corꢀ  
ing crankshaft. This circuit is composed of the aeration  
#3 proximity switch, the clutch relay, the electric clutch  
and diode D3. The electric clutch circuit relies on the opꢀ  
eration of the ”OK to lower” circuit for completing the  
clutch circuit (See OK to Lower Circuit in this section).  
Electric clutch circuit protection is provided by fuse F2.  
Aerating (Clutch Engaged)  
The clutch relay will be energized as the coring head is  
lowered to the point when the aeration #3 proximity  
switch closes. This closed proximity switch provides a  
complete circuit if the ”OK to lower” circuit is closed.  
Once the clutch relay is energized, current is provided  
to the clutch and rotation of the coring crankshaft beꢀ  
gins.  
Not Aerating (Clutch not Engaged)  
The clutch will continue to be energized until either:  
Whenever the coring head is in the raised position, the  
aeration #3 proximity switch is open and the clutch relay  
is not energized. The electric clutch will not be energized  
so rotation of the coring crankshaft does not occur.  
A. The coring head is raised which opens the aeraꢀ  
tion #3 proximity switch.  
B. The “OK to lower” circuit opens (e.g. the operator  
releases the traction lever while aerating).  
NOT AERATING (CLUTCH NOT ENGAGED)  
TO IGNITION  
SWITCH  
TERMINAL ”L”  
TO  
GROUND  
OK TO LOWER  
CIRCUIT  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(ENERGIZED)  
AERATING (CLUTCH ENGAGED)  
TO IGNITION  
SWITCH  
TERMINAL ”L”  
TO  
GROUND  
OK TO LOWER  
CIRCUIT  
(ENERGIZED)  
(ENERGIZED)  
(HEAD LOWERED)  
CONTROL CURRENT  
CLUTCH CURRENT  
Figure 3  
Electrical System  
ProCore 648  
Page 5 – 6  
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Special Tools  
Multimeter  
The multimeter can test electrical components and cirꢀ  
cuits for current (amps), resistance (ohms) or voltage.  
NOTE: Toro recommends the use of a DIGITAL Volt–  
Ohm–Amp multimeter when testing electrical circuits.  
The high impedance (internal resistance) of a digital meꢀ  
ter in the voltage mode will make sure that excess curꢀ  
rent is not allowed through the meter. This excess  
current can cause damage to circuits not designed to  
carry it.  
Figure 4  
Battery Terminal Protector  
Battery Terminal Protector (Toro Part No. 107–0392) is  
an aerosol spray that should be used on battery termiꢀ  
nals to reduce corrosion problems. Apply terminal proꢀ  
tector after battery cable has been secured to battery  
terminal.  
Figure 5  
Battery Hydrometer  
Use the Battery Hydrometer when measuring specific  
gravity of battery electrolyte. Obtain this tool locally.  
Figure 6  
ProCore 648  
Electrical System  
Page 5 – 7  
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Troubleshooting  
For effective troubleshooting and repairs, you must  
have a good understanding of the electrical circuits (see  
Chapter 8 – Electrical Diagrams) and components used  
on this machine.  
CAUTION  
Remove all jewelry, especially rings and  
watches, before doing any electrical troubleꢀ  
shooting or testing. Disconnect the battery  
cables unless the test requires battery voltage.  
If the machine has any interlock switches by–passed,  
they must be reconnected for proper troubleshooting  
and safety.  
Starting Problems  
Problem  
Possible Causes  
Starter solenoid clicks, but starter will not crank  
(if solenoid clicks, problem is not in safety interlock  
system).  
Battery charge is low.  
Battery cables are loose or corroded.  
Battery ground to frame is loose or corroded.  
Wiring at starter is faulty.  
Starter solenoid is faulty.  
Starter mounting bolts are loose or not supplying a  
sufficient ground for solenoid.  
Starter is faulty.  
Nothing happens when start attempt is made (traction  
lever must be in neutral position for successful start).  
Traction lever is not in the neutral position.  
Battery cables are loose or corroded.  
Battery ground to frame is loose or corroded.  
Battery is dead.  
Fuse F1 (20 amp) is open.  
Wiring to start circuit components is loose, corroded, or  
damaged (see Chapter 8 – Electrical Diagrams).  
Neutral proximity switch is out of adjustment or faulty.  
Sensing plate on traction lever is loose.  
Neutral switch relay is faulty.  
Ignition switch is faulty.  
Fuse block is faulty.  
Starter solenoid is faulty.  
Electrical System  
ProCore 648  
Page 5 – 8  
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Starting Problems (continued)  
Problem  
Possible Causes  
Engine cranks, but does not start.  
Circuit wiring to engine magneto is grounded (see  
Chapter 8 – Electrical Diagrams).  
Circuit wiring to carburetor solenoid is loose, corroded,  
or damaged (see Chapter 8 – Electrical Diagrams).  
Engine or fuel system is malfunctioning (see Chapter  
3 – Kohler Engine).  
Engine may be too cold.  
Engine cranks (but should not) with the traction lever  
out of the neutral position.  
Neutral proximity switch is out of adjustment or faulty.  
Neutral proximity switch wiring is faulty.  
Sensing plate on traction lever is loose or damaged.  
General Run Problems  
Problem  
Possible Causes  
Battery does not charge.  
Wiring to the charging circuit components is loose,  
corroded, or damaged (see Chapter 8 – Electrical  
Diagrams).  
Ignition switch is faulty.  
Alternator is faulty (see Chapter 3 – Kohler Engine).  
Battery is dead.  
Engine kills during operation.  
Ignition switch is faulty.  
Circuit wiring to engine magneto is damaged (see  
Chapter 8 – Electrical Diagrams).  
Circuit wiring to carburetor solenoid is loose, corroded,  
or damaged (see Chapter 8 – Electrical Diagrams).  
Engine or fuel system is malfunctioning (see Chapter  
3 – Kohler Engine).  
ProCore 648  
Electrical System  
Page 5 – 9  
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Coring Head Operating Problems  
Problem  
Possible Causes  
Coring head runs (but should not) when raised.  
Aeration #3 proximity switch is faulty or out of  
adjustment.  
Coring head does not lower.  
Fuse F3 (10 Amp) or F4 (2 Amp) is/are faulty.  
Raise/lower switch is faulty.  
SVL valve solenoid is faulty.  
Aerator Control Module is faulty.  
”OK to lower” circuit is not functioning (see OK to  
Lower Circuit in Circuit Operation section of this  
chapter).  
Hydraulic problem exists (see Chapter 4 – Hydraulic  
System).  
Coring head does not raise.  
Fuse F3 (10 Amp) or F4 (2 Amp) is/are faulty.  
Lift reset switch needs to be reset.  
Raise/lower switch is faulty.  
SVR or SVQ valve solenoid is faulty.  
Aerator Control Module is faulty.  
Hydraulic problem exists (see Chapter 4 – Hydraulic  
System).  
Electric clutch does not engage.  
Fuse F2 (10 Amp) is faulty.  
Coring head is not lowered.  
Clutch relay is faulty.  
Aeration #3 proximity switch is faulty or out of  
adjustment.  
Circuit wiring to electric clutch is loose, corroded, or  
damaged (see Chapter 8 – Electrical Diagrams).  
Diode D3 is faulty.  
Electric clutch is faulty.  
Electric clutch is noisy.  
Clutch is loose on engine crankshaft.  
Clutch strap is loose or damaged.  
Broken leaf spring(s) on clutch.  
Failed clutch bearing(s).  
Clutch is slipping.  
Lubricant has contaminated clutch lining material.  
Gap between clutch rotor and armature is excessive.  
Electrical System  
ProCore 648  
Page 5 – 10  
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Electrical System Quick Checks  
Battery Test (Open Circuit Test)  
Use a multimeter to measure the voltage between the  
battery terminals.  
Voltage Measured  
Battery Charge Level  
Fully charged (100%)  
75% charged  
12.68 v (or higher)  
12.45 v  
Set the multimeter to the DC volts setting. The battery  
o
o
o
o
should be at a temperature of 60 to 100 F (16 to 38  
12.24 v  
50% charged  
C). The ignition key should be in the OFF position and  
all accessories turned off. Connect the positive (+) meꢀ  
ter lead to the positive battery post and the negative (–)  
meter lead to the negative battery post.  
12.06 v  
25% charged  
11.89 v  
0% charged  
NOTE: This test provides a relative condition of the batꢀ  
tery. Load testing of the battery will provide additional  
and more accurate information.  
Charging System Test  
This is a simple test used to determine if the charging  
system is functioning. It will tell you if a charging system  
has an output, but not its capacity.  
Start the engine and run at 3400 RPM (high idle). Allow  
the battery to charge for at least 3 minutes. Record the  
battery voltage.  
Tool required: Digital multimeter set to DC volts.  
Test results should be (example):  
Test instructions: Connect the positive (+) meter lead to  
the positive battery post and the negative (–) meter lead  
to the negative battery post. Leave the test leads conꢀ  
nected and record the battery voltage.  
At least 0.50 volt over initial battery voltage.  
Initial Battery Voltage  
Battery Voltage after 3 Minute Charge  
Difference  
= 12.25 v  
= 12.80 v  
= +0.55 v  
NOTE: Upon starting the engine, the battery voltage  
will drop and then should increase once the engine is  
running.  
NOTE: Depending upon the condition of the battery  
charge and battery temperature, the charging system  
voltage will increase at different rates as the battery  
charges.  
ProCore 648  
Electrical System  
Page 5 – 11  
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Check Operation of Safety Interlock System  
The Safety Interlock System of the ProCore 648 ensurꢀ  
es the following operations:  
CAUTION  
1. The engine should crank only when the traction lever  
is in the neutral position.  
Do not disconnect interlock switches. They are  
for the operator’s protection. Check operation  
of the switches daily to make sure the interlock  
system is operating correctly. If a switch is not  
operating properly, adjust or replace it before  
operating the machine.  
2. When aerating, if the traction lever is released from  
the forward position (moved to the neutral or reverse  
position), the coring head should automatically raise  
and the coring crankshaft should stop rotating.  
3. If the coring head is stranded in the lowered position,  
the coring head will not raise unless the lift reset switch  
is depressed.  
Interlock switch operation is described in the ProCore  
648 Operator’s Manual. The ProCore is equipped with  
an Aerator Control Module which monitors interlock  
switch operation. Information on this Control Module is  
described in the Operator’s Manual and in the Compoꢀ  
nent Testing section of this Chapter. Testing of individual  
interlock switches is included in the Component Testing  
section of this Chapter.  
Electrical System  
ProCore 648  
Page 5 – 12  
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Component Testing  
For accurate resistance and/or continuity checks, elecꢀ  
trically disconnect the component being tested from the  
circuit (e.g. unplug the ignition switch connector before  
doing a continuity check).  
NOTE: See the Kohler Engine Service Manual for enꢀ  
gine component testing information.  
CAUTION  
NOTE: Electrical troubleshooting of any 12 Volt power  
connection can be performed through voltage drop tests  
without disconnecting the component.  
When testing electrical components for continuꢀ  
ity with a multimeter (ohms setting), make sure  
that power to the circuit has been disconnected.  
Ignition Switch  
The ignition (key) switch has three positions (OFF, RUN,  
and START) (Fig. 7). The terminals are marked as  
shown in Figure 8.  
OFF  
o
45  
RUN  
Testing  
o
45  
The circuitry of the ignition switch is shown in the chart  
below. With the use of a multimeter (ohms setting), the  
switch functions may be tested to determine whether  
continuity exists between the various terminals for each  
switch position.  
START  
Unplug wire harness connectors from switch and verify  
continuity between switch terminals. Reconnect the har-  
ness connectors to the switch after testing.  
Figure 7  
POSITION  
OFF  
CIRCUIT  
G + M + A  
B + L + A  
B + L + S  
L
M
B
S
RUN  
G
START  
A
The Aerator Control Module monitors the operation of  
the ignition switch. If the ignition switch is in the ON posi-  
tion, the Module power input LED should be illuminated.  
If the ignition switch is in the START position, the Module  
start output LED should also be illuminated.  
Figure 8  
HEX NUT  
KEY  
SWITCH  
LOCK WASHER  
Figure 9  
ProCore 648  
Electrical System  
Page 5 – 13  
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Engine Oil Pressure Indicator Light  
The engine oil pressure indicator light is located on the  
handle control panel (Fig. 10). The indicator light should  
come on when the ignition switch is in the ON position  
with the engine not running. Also, it should light with the  
engine running if the engine oil pressure is insufficient.  
IMPORTANT: If the engine oil pressure indicator  
light comes on when the engine is running, shut enꢀ  
gine off immediately.  
Testing  
1. Turn the ignition switch to ON. The engine oil presꢀ  
sure indicator light should be on.  
2. If the light is not on, locate the oil pressure switch on  
the engine and disconnect the wire from the switch.  
Ground the disconnected wire to the engine block.  
Figure 10  
1. Oil pressure indicator light  
3. If the light comes on, the oil pressure switch is faulty.  
4. If the light does not come on, check the indicator light  
and indicating circuit (see Electrical Schematic in Chapꢀ  
ter 8 – Electrical Diagrams).  
1B (–)  
1A (+)  
Testing Indicator Light  
BACK OF INDICATOR LIGHT  
1. Apply 12 VDC to terminal 1A (Fig. 11).  
2. Ground terminal 1B (Fig. 11).  
3. Indicator light should illuminate.  
Figure 11  
NOTE: For engine oil pressure switch information, refer  
to the Kohler Engine Service Manual at the end of Chapꢀ  
ter 3 – Engine.  
Hour Meter  
The hour meter used on the ProCore 648 uses an inducꢀ  
tive pickup wire connected to the rear spark plug wire to  
sense when the engine is running. The hour meter  
should increase 1/10 of an hour every six (6) minutes of  
engine running time.  
The hour meter uses its own internal battery and thereꢀ  
fore, is not connected to the ProCore 12 volt electrical  
system. The hour meter battery is not replaceable.  
1
Figure 12  
1. Hour meter  
Electrical System  
ProCore 648  
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Relays  
Six (6) relays are used on the ProCore 648. Four (4) of  
these relays are attached under the control panel next  
to the battery (Fig. 13): lockout relay, clutch relay, neutral  
switch (start) relay and lockout latch relay. The remainꢀ  
ing two (2) relays are attached under the handle console  
(Fig. 14): neutral switch (latch) relay and latching relay.  
The six relays are identical. The relays are identified by  
a tag on the wire harness relay connector.  
1
2
See the Circuit Operation section of this Chapter for inꢀ  
formation on relay operation.  
Testing  
Figure 13  
NOTE: Prior to taking small resistance readings with a  
digital multimeter, short the meter test leads together.  
The meter will display a small resistance value (usually  
0.5 ohms or less). This resistance is due to the internal  
resistance of the meter and test leads. Subtract this valꢀ  
ue from the measured value of the component you are  
testing.  
1. Battery  
2. Relay location  
2
1. Locate relay to be tested. Disconnect the machine  
wire harness connector from the relay.  
2. Using a multimeter (ohms setting), measure coil reꢀ  
sistance between terminals 85 and 86 (Fig. 15). Resistꢀ  
ance should be between 70 and 90 ohms.  
3. Connect multimeter (ohms setting) leads to relay terꢀ  
minals 30 and 87. Ground terminal 86 and apply +12  
VDC to terminal 85. The relay should make and break  
continuity between terminals 30 and 87 as +12 VDC is  
applied and removed from terminal 85.  
1
Figure 14  
1. Traction lever  
2. Relay  
4. Disconnect voltage from terminal 85 and multimeter  
lead from terminal 87.  
5. Connect multimeter (ohms setting) leads to relay terꢀ  
minals 30 and 87A. Apply +12 VDC to terminal 85. The  
relay should make and break continuity between termiꢀ  
nals 30 and 87A as +12 VDC is applied and removed  
from terminal 85.  
86  
87A  
87  
6. Disconnect voltage and multimeter leads from the  
relay terminals. Reconnect relay to machine wire harꢀ  
ness.  
85  
30  
Figure 15  
ProCore 648  
Electrical System  
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Manual Raise/Lower Switch  
The manual raise/lower switch is located on the handle  
control panel (Fig. 16). This rocker switch is one of the  
components in the ”OK to lower” circuit which is one of  
the aerator control module inputs. See OK to Lower Cirꢀ  
cuit in the Circuit Operation section of this chapter for  
additional raise/lower switch information.  
1
The switch terminals are marked as shown in Figure 17.  
The circuitry of the raise/lower switch is shown in the  
chart below. With the use of a multimeter (ohms setting),  
the switch functions may be tested to determine whether  
continuity exists between the various terminals for each  
switch position. Verify continuity between switch termiꢀ  
nals.  
SWITCH  
POSITION  
NORMAL  
CIRCUITS  
OTHER  
CIRCUITS  
Figure 16  
1. Manual raise/lower switch  
RAISE  
NONE  
2 + 3  
2 + 3  
NONE  
NONE  
5 + 6  
MIDDLE/  
AERATE  
3
2
6
5
LOWER  
(MOMENTARY)  
UP  
Figure 17  
Electrical System  
ProCore 648  
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Ground Follow Switch  
The ground follow switch is located on the side of the  
control panel (Fig. 18). This rocker switch allows the  
True CoreTM ground following system to be turned on/  
off. The switch is retained in position by a cap screw and  
nut placed in the switch guard to prevent accidental  
switch movement. In the normal, upper switch position,  
the True CoreTM ground following system is ON. The  
True CoreTM ground following system is OFF when the  
switch is in the lower position.  
1
2
The switch terminals are marked as shown in Figure 19.  
The circuitry of the ground follow switch is shown in the  
chart below. With the use of a multimeter (ohms setting),  
the switch functions may be tested to determine whether  
continuity exists between the various terminals for each  
switch position. Verify continuity between switch termiꢀ  
nals.  
3
Figure 18  
1. Ground follow switch  
2. Cap screw & nut  
3. Switch guard  
SWITCH  
POSITION  
NORMAL  
CIRCUITS  
OTHER  
CIRCUITS  
UP (ON)  
2 + 3  
1 + 2  
5 + 6  
4 + 5  
6
5
4
3
2
DOWN (OFF)  
The Aerator Control Module monitors the operation of  
the ground follow switch. If the ground follow switch is in  
the ON (up) position, the Control Module ground follow  
LED should be illuminated when the ignition switch is  
ON (Fig. 20). If the ground follow switch is in the OFF  
(lower) position, the Module ground follow output LED  
should not be illuminated.  
UP  
1
Figure 19  
2
1
Figure 20  
1. Control module  
2. Ground follow LED  
ProCore 648  
Electrical System  
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Lift Reset Switch  
The lift reset switch is located on the control panel (Fig.  
21). This momentary rocker switch raises the coring  
head in instances when the coring head has been  
stranded in the aerating (lowered) position (e.g. engine  
runs out of gas, coring head stuck). By depressing the  
lift reset switch, the coring head lift system will reset, the  
coring head will raise fully and normal coring head opꢀ  
eration can resume.  
1
The switch terminals are marked as shown in Figure 19.  
The circuitry of the lift reset switch is shown in the chart  
below. With the use of a multimeter (ohms setting), the  
switch functions may be tested to determine whether  
continuity exists between the various terminals for each  
switch position. Verify continuity between switch termiꢀ  
nals.  
Figure 21  
1. Lift reset switch  
SWITCH  
POSITION  
NORMAL  
CIRCUITS  
OTHER  
CIRCUITS  
NORMAL  
2 + 3  
1 + 2  
5 + 6  
4 + 5  
MOMENTARY  
ON (RESET)  
UP  
1
2
3
4
5
6
Figure 22  
Electrical System  
ProCore 648  
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Solenoid Valve Coil  
The hydraulic system on the ProCore 648 uses three (3)  
solenoid valve coils on the hydraulic lift control manifold  
(Fig. 23). The aerator control module provides current to  
the solenoid valve coils based on the position of several  
inputs. A LED on the aerator control module will be illuꢀ  
minated when the solenoid valve coils are energized  
(Fig. 24).  
3
4
2
NOTE: The solenoid does not have to be removed from  
the cartridge valve for testing.  
1. Make sure ignition switch is in the OFF position. Unꢀ  
plug solenoid valve electrical connector.  
1
2. Apply 12VDC source directly to the solenoid. Listen  
for solenoid to switch on.  
Figure 23  
3. Remove 12VDC source from the solenoid. Listen for  
solenoid to switch off.  
1. Lift control manifold  
2. SVL solenoid coil  
3. SVQ solenoid coil  
4. SVR solenoid coil  
NOTE: Prior to taking small resistance readings with a  
digital multimeter, short the test leads together. The meꢀ  
ter will display a small resistance value (usually 0.5  
ohms or less). This resistance is due to the internal reꢀ  
sistance of the meter and test leads. Subtract this value  
from from the measured value of the component you are  
testing.  
1
4. Measure resistance between the two coil connector  
terminals. Resistance of the solenoid coil should be  
approximately 8.7 ohms.  
2
3
5. Reconnect electrical connector to the solenoid.  
4
6. If solenoid coil needs replacement, see Solenoid  
Valve Coil in the Service and Repairs section of this  
chapter.  
Figure 24  
1. Control module  
2. SVR solenoid LED  
3. SVQ solenoid LED  
4. SVL solenoid LED  
ProCore 648  
Electrical System  
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Head Low and Head High Limit Switches  
The head low and head high limit switches are attached  
to the coring depth control housing (Fig. 25). These  
switches are normally open and close when the switch  
actuator in the housing is rotated past the switch. The  
head low and head high limit switches provide inputs for  
the True CoreTM ground following system on the Pro-  
Core 648.  
3
1
The Aerator Control Module monitors the operation of  
the head low and head high limit switches. With the corꢀ  
ing head raised and the ignition switch in the ON position  
(engine not running), the Module head high input LED  
should be illuminated and the head low input LED  
should not be illuminated. By slowly raising the outer turf  
guard, the head high input LED should go out. If the outꢀ  
er turf guard continues to be raised, the head low input  
LED will illuminate slightly later.  
2
Figure 25  
1. Head high switch  
2. Head low switch  
3. Depth control housing  
While aerating with the ProCore, the turf guards follow  
surface undulations. With the True CoreTM ground folꢀ  
lowing system on, the Aerator Control Module receives  
an input if the turf guards move enough to close either  
the head high or head low limit switch. The Control Modꢀ  
ule uses that input to allow a current output to the apꢀ  
propriate hydraulic solenoid (SVR or SVL) to raise or  
lower the coring head slightly.  
2
3
Head Low and Head High Switch Test  
1. Park machine on a level surface, fully raise coring  
head, engage parking brake, stop engine and remove  
key from the ignition switch. Secure coring head with  
service latch.  
1
2. Locate switch on depth control housing. Disconnect  
the switch electrical connector.  
Figure 26  
3. Check the continuity of the switch by connecting a  
multimeter (ohms setting) across the connector termiꢀ  
nals.  
1. Control module  
2. Head low LED  
3. Head high LED  
A. The head high switch should be closed (continuꢀ  
ity) with the coring head raised and the turf guards  
extended. The switch should open (no continuity) if  
the turf guards are manually raised.  
B. The head low switch should be open (no continuꢀ  
ity) with the coring head raised and the turf guards  
extended. The switch should close (continuity) if the  
turf guards are manually raised.  
4. Reconnect the switch electrical connector.  
5. If switch replacement is necessary, apply small  
amount of grease onto the switch ball before installing  
switch in depth control housing.  
Electrical System  
ProCore 648  
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Fuses  
The fuse block is located behind the console cover (Fig.  
27).  
1
Identification, Function, and Wiring  
The fuses are held in the fuse block. Use Figure 28 to  
identify each individual fuse and its correct amperage.  
Each fuse holder has the following functions:  
Fuse 1 (20 Amp): Supplies power to ignition switch  
terminal B.  
Fuse 2 (10 Amp): Supplies power to electric clutch.  
Fuse 3 (10 Amp): Supplies power from ignition  
switch terminal S.  
Figure 27  
1. Fuse block  
Fuse 4 (2 Amp): Supplies power to aerator control  
module.  
Testing  
Remove fuses from the fuse block for testing. Fuse  
should have continuity between fuse terminals.  
UP  
20A  
Fuse 1  
10A  
10A  
2A  
Fuse 2  
Fuse 3  
Fuse 4  
Figure 28  
ProCore 648  
Electrical System  
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Proximity Switches  
The ProCore 648 uses six (6) identical proximity  
switches. These switches are normally open switches  
that close when a sensing plate is positioned near the  
target end of the switch (Fig. 32).  
3
The reverse and neutral proximity switches are  
mounted on the control handle under the handle conꢀ  
sole (Fig. 29). They use sensing plates pinned to the  
traction lever.  
4
1
The transport limit #1 (top) and #2 switches and aeration  
#3 and #4 (bottom) switches are mounted on a mounting  
bracket attached to the right rear frame (Fig. 30). The  
sensing plate for these switches is welded to the coring  
head H–frame.  
2
Figure 29  
The neutral proximity switch is used in the starting circuit  
to make sure that the traction lever is in the neutral posiꢀ  
tion when starting the engine. This switch is closed when  
the traction bail is in the neutral position and opens when  
the bail is moved to either the forward or reverse direcꢀ  
tion.  
1. Reverse proximity switch  
2. Reverse sensing plate  
3. Neutral proximity switch  
4. Neutral sensing plate  
1
2
The reverse proximity switch is one of the components  
used in the “OK to lower” circuit that acts as an input for  
the aerator control module. This proximity switch is  
closed when the traction lever is in either the neutral or  
reverse position. When the traction lever is moved to the  
forward direction, the reverse proximity switch opens.  
3
The transport limit #1 proximity switch is closed when  
the coring head is fully raised and opens almost immediꢀ  
ately as the coring head begins to lower. This switch is  
used as an input for the aerator control module to indiꢀ  
cate that the coring head is in the transport (raised) posiꢀ  
tion. Transport limit #1 switch operation can be  
monitored using the control module transport #1 input  
LED.  
Figure 30  
1. Switch mount bracket  
3. Coring head H–frame  
2. Sensing plate  
5
The transport limit #2 proximity switch is closed when  
the coring head is fully raised and opens as the coring  
head is being lowered. This switch is one of the compoꢀ  
nents in the lockout circuit used to provide current for the  
raise and lower solenoids.  
RIGHT  
1
FRONT  
2
The aeration #3 proximity switch is closed as the coring  
head is lowering to allow the electric clutch to be enerꢀ  
gized. The switch opens as the coring head is raising.  
4
The aeration #4 proximity switch is closed when the corꢀ  
ing head is fully lowered and opens as the coring head  
begins to raise. This switch is used as an input for the  
aerator control module to identify when the coring head  
is in the aerate position. Aeration #4 switch operation  
can be monitored using the control module aerate #4 inꢀ  
put LED.  
3
Figure 31  
1. Transport limit #1  
2. Transport limit #2  
3. Aeration #3  
4. Aeration #4  
5. Switch mount bracket  
Electrical System  
ProCore 648  
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Proximity Switch Test  
3
4
5
1. Park machine on a level surface, fully raise coring  
head, engage parking brake, stop engine and remove  
key from the ignition switch. Secure coring head with  
service latch.  
2
2. Locate proximity switch to be tested. Disconnect  
proximity switch from machine wiring harness.  
Tab  
1
3. Check the continuity of the switch by connecting a  
multimeter (ohms setting) across the switch connector  
terminals.  
Switch  
Target  
End  
Figure 32  
NOTE: Before checking switch continuity, clean target  
end of switch to make sure that there is no metallic deꢀ  
bris on the switch that could prevent correct switch opꢀ  
eration.  
1. Carriage screw  
2. Switch mount  
3. Proximity switch  
4. Switch plate  
5. Lock nut  
4. With the sensing plate positioned near the target end  
of the switch, there should be continuity across the  
switch terminals.  
5. When the sensing plate is positioned away from the  
target end of the switch, there should be no continuity  
across the switch terminals.  
6. Replace proximity switch as needed. Reconnect  
switch to machine wiring harness.  
Proximity Switch Installation  
When installing a proximity switch to the machine, place  
tab on switch plate into switch mounting hole nearest  
target end of switch (Fig. 32). Secure proximity switch  
and switch plate to switch mount with carriage screw  
and lock nut.  
The switch mounting bracket that retains the transport  
limit and aeration proximity switches (Fig. 30) should be  
mounted to allow from .030” to .090” (.8 to 2.3 mm) clearꢀ  
ance between the switch targets and sensing plate on  
the coring head H–frame.  
ProCore 648  
Electrical System  
Page 5 – 23  
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Aerator Control Module  
The ProCore 648 is equipped with an Aerator Control  
Module to monitor and control electrical components reꢀ  
quired for safe operation. This Module is located on the  
inside of the console cover (Fig. 33).  
2
Inputs from the start (ignition), head low limit, head high  
limit, transport limit #1 proximity switch, aeration #4  
proximity switch and ground follow switches are moniꢀ  
tored by the Module. The condition (open or closed) of  
the ”OK to lower” circuit is also monitored by the Module.  
Output to the three hydraulic solenoid valves (lower  
SVL, raise SVR and quick raise SVQ) are controlled  
based on the inputs received by the Module.  
1
The Aerator Control Module does not connect to an exꢀ  
ternal computer or hand held device, can not be re–pro-  
grammed and does not record intermittent fault data.  
Figure 33  
1. Console cover  
2. Control module  
The Aerator Control Module can be used to check opꢀ  
eration of machine switches by monitoring the LED’s of  
the module. If a module LED does not illuminate (e.g. the  
ground follow LED does not illuminate when the ground  
follow switch is in the ON position), testing of the switch  
and circuit wiring would be required.  
8
9
7
6
5
10  
Control Module Inputs  
The power input LED should be illuminated when the  
ignition switch is in the ON position.  
The head low input LED should be illuminated when the  
head low limit switch is closed.  
ProCore 648 Aerator  
The head high input LED should be illuminated when the  
head high limit switch is closed.  
The transport #1 input LED should be illuminated when  
the transport limit #1 proximity switch is closed (coring  
head raised).  
1
4
The aerate #4 input LED should be illuminated when the  
aeration #4 proximity switch is closed (coring head lowꢀ  
ered).  
3
2
Figure 34  
1. Power input LED  
2. SVL output LED  
3. SVR output LED  
4. SVQ output LED  
5. Head low input LED  
6. Head high input LED  
7. Transport #1 input LED  
8. Aerate #4 input LED  
9. Ground follow ON LED  
10. “OK to lower” input LED  
The ground follow ON LED should be illuminated when  
the ground follow switch is in the ON position.  
The ”OK to lower” input LED should be illuminated when  
the ”OK to lower” circuit is closed (see OK to Lower Cirꢀ  
cuit in the Circuit Operation section of this chapter).  
Electrical System  
ProCore 648  
Page 5 – 24  
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Control Module Outputs  
3. The SVR output LED will be illuminated in two situaꢀ  
tions:  
1. The SVQ output LED will be illuminated in two situaꢀ  
tions:  
A. Both ”OK to lower” and transport #1 LED’s are  
not illuminated.  
A. Both ”OK to lower” and transport #1 LED’s are  
not illuminated.  
B. ”OK to lower”, ground follow, aerate #4 and head  
low limit LED’s are all illuminated.  
B. ”OK to lower” LED is illuminated and aerate #4  
LED is not illuminated.  
2. The SVL output LED will be illuminated in three situaꢀ  
tions:  
A. ”OK to lower” LED is illuminated and ground folꢀ  
low LED is not illuminated.  
B. Both ”OK to lower” and ground follow LED’s are  
illuminated and aerate #4 LED is not illuminated.  
C. ”OK to lower”, ground follow, aerate #4 and head  
high limit LED’s are all illuminated.  
ProCore 648  
Electrical System  
Page 5 – 25  
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Electric Clutch  
An electric clutch is used to engage the coring head on  
the ProCore 648. The electric clutch is mounted on the  
engine crankshaft and engages when current is applied  
to the clutch. The clutch also incorporates a magnetic  
brake to stop clutch rotation when the clutch is de–ener-  
gized.  
8. As an additional test, apply 12 volts to the terminals  
of the clutch. The clutch should engage. If clutch does  
not engage when voltage is applied, replace clutch.  
9. If clutch removal is necessary, see Electric Clutch in  
the Service and Repairs section of this chapter.  
10.Install exhaust system shield (see Exhaust System  
Installation in the Service and Repairs section of Chapꢀ  
ter 3 – Kohler Engine).  
When the ”OK to lower” latching circuit is closed and the  
coring head is lowered enough to close the aeration #3  
proximity switch, the clutch relay will be energized. This  
energized relay provides a current path to energize and  
engage the clutch. See Electric Clutch Circuit in the Cirꢀ  
cuit Operation section of this chapter for additional elecꢀ  
tric clutch information.  
11.Install pump belt cover to machine (see Operator’s  
Manual).  
Testing  
1. Park machine on a level surface, fully raise coring  
head, engage parking brake, stop engine and remove  
key from the ignition switch. Secure coring head with  
service latch.  
1
1. Remove pump belt cover from machine (see Opera-  
tor’s Manual).  
2. Remove exhaust system shield (see Exhaust Sysꢀ  
tem Removal in the Service and Repairs section of  
Chapter 3 – Kohler Engine).  
3. Locate electric clutch on engine crankshaft (Fig. 35).  
Unplug machine wire harness connector from clutch.  
Figure 35  
1. Electric clutch  
4. For accurate resistance measuring, clutch should be  
o
o
at approximately 68 F (20 C) when coil resistance is  
measured.  
NOTE: Prior to taking small resistance readings with a  
digital multimeter, short the meter test leads together.  
The meter will display a small resistance value (usually  
0.5 ohms or less). This resistance is due to the internal  
resistance of the meter and test leads. Subtract this valꢀ  
ue from from the measured value of the component you  
are testing.  
2
1
5. Using a multimeter (ohms setting), verify clutch coil  
resistance between the two terminals of the clutch wire  
connector. Coil resistance should be 1.75 to 1.93 ohms.  
6. If coil resistance is incorrect, replace clutch.  
Figure 36  
7. Measure gap between clutch rotor and armature  
(Fig. 36). Gap should be less than .125” (3.18 mm). This  
gap is not adjustable and increases as clutch compoꢀ  
nents wear. If gap exceeds .125” (3.18 mm), replace  
clutch.  
1. Electric clutch  
2. Feeler gauge  
Electrical System  
ProCore 648  
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Diode Assemblies  
Diodes D1, D2 and D3 provide logic for the latch relays  
used in the ProCore 648. Diode D4 is used for circuit  
protection from voltage spikes when the electric clutch  
is de–energized. The diodes plug into the wiring harꢀ  
ness at various locations (see Wire Harness Drawings  
in Chapter 8 – Electrical Diagrams).  
2
Diode Test  
3
1
The diodes (Fig. 37) can be individually tested using a  
digital multimeter (diode test or ohms setting) and the  
table to the right.  
Figure 37  
1. Diode  
2. Male terminal  
3. Female terminal  
Multimeter  
Red Lead (+)  
on Terminal  
Multimeter  
Black Lead (–)  
on Terminal  
Continuity  
Female  
Male  
Male  
YES  
NO  
Female  
ProCore 648  
Electrical System  
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Service and Repairs  
NOTE: See the Kohler Engine Service Manual for enꢀ  
gine component repair information.  
Battery Storage  
If the machine will be stored for more than 30 days:  
4. Store battery in a cool atmosphere to avoid quick deꢀ  
terioration of the battery charge.  
1. Remove the battery and charge it fully (see Battery  
Service).  
5. To help prevent the battery from freezing, make sure  
it is fully charged before storing the battery/machine  
(see Battery Service).  
2. Either store battery on a shelf or on the machine.  
3. Leave cables disconnected if the battery is stored on  
the machine.  
Battery Care  
1. Battery electrolyte level must be properly mainꢀ  
tained. The top of the battery must be kept clean. lf the  
machine is stored in a location where temperatures are  
extremely high, the battery will discharge more rapidly  
than if the machine is stored in a location where temperꢀ  
atures are cool.  
3. Battery cables must be tight on terminals to provide  
good electrical contact.  
WARNING  
Connecting cables to the wrong battery post  
could result in personal injury and/or damage  
to the electrical system.  
WARNING  
Wear safety goggles and rubber gloves when  
working with electrolyte. Charge battery in a  
well ventilated place so gasses produced  
while charging can dissipate. Since the gases  
are explosive, keep open flames and electrical  
sparks away from the battery; do not smoke.  
Nausea may result if the gases are inhaled. Unꢀ  
plug battery charger from electrical outlet beꢀ  
fore connecting or disconnecting charger  
leads to or from battery posts.  
4. If corrosion occurs at terminals, disconnect cables.  
Always disconnect negative (–) cable first. Clean  
clamps and terminals separately. Reconnect cables  
with positive (+) cable first. Coat battery posts and cable  
connectors with Battery Terminal Protector (Toro Part  
No. 107–0392) or petroleum jelly to prevent corrosion.  
5. Check electrolyte level every 25 operating hours,  
and every 30 days if machine is in storage.  
6. Maintain cell electrolyte level with distilled or deminꢀ  
eralized water. Do not fill cells above the fill line.  
IMPORTANT: Do not remove battery filler caps  
while cleaning battery.  
2. Check battery condition weekly or after every 50  
hours of operation. Keep terminals and entire battery  
case clean because a dirty battery will discharge slowly.  
A. Clean battery by washing entire case with a soluꢀ  
tion of baking soda and water. Rinse with clear water.  
B. Spray battery terminals with Battery Terminal  
Protector (Toro Part No. 107–0392) to prevent cable  
and terminal corrosion. Petroleum jelly can be used  
as well.  
Electrical System  
ProCore 648  
Page 5 – 28  
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Battery Service  
The battery is the heart of the electrical system. With  
regular and proper service, battery life can be extended.  
Additionally, battery and electrical component failure  
can be prevented.  
2
1
CAUTION  
When working with batteries, use extreme cauꢀ  
tion to avoid splashing or spilling electrolyte.  
Electrolyte can destroy clothing and burn skin or  
eyes. Always wear safety goggles and a face  
shield when working with batteries.  
Figure 38  
1. Negative battery cable  
2. Positive battery cable  
Battery Specifications  
BCI Group Size UI  
300 CCA at 0 F (–18 C)  
o
o
Inspection and Maintenance  
o
o
Reserve Capacity of 28 minutes at 80 F (27 C)  
1. Check for cracks in battery case. Replace battery if  
cracked or leaking.  
Dimensions (including terminal posts and handle)  
Length  
Width  
Height  
7.7 inches (19.6 cm)  
5.2 inches (13.2 cm)  
7.2 inches (18.3 cm)  
2. Check battery terminal posts for corrosion. Use wire  
brush to clean corrosion from posts.  
Electrolyte Specific Gravity  
o
o
Fully charged: 1.265 corrected to 80 F (26.7 C)  
Discharged: less than 1.240  
IMPORTANT: Before cleaning the battery, tape or  
block vent holes to the filler caps and make sure the  
caps are on tightly.  
Removal and Installation (Fig. 38)  
1. Loosen and remove negative (–) cable from battery.  
After negative cable is removed, loosen and remove  
positive (+) cable.  
3. Check for signs of wetness or leakage on the top of  
the battery which might indicate a loose or missing filler  
cap, overcharging, loose terminal post or overfilling.  
Also, check battery case for dirt and oil. Clean the batꢀ  
tery with a solution of baking soda and water, then rinse  
it with clean water.  
2. Remove wing nuts and washers that secure battery  
hold down rod. Slide hold down rod away from battery.  
3. Carefully remove battery from machine.  
4. Check that the cover seal is not broken away. Reꢀ  
place the battery if the seal is broken or leaking.  
4. Install battery in reverse order making sure to conꢀ  
nect positive (+) cable to battery before connecting negꢀ  
ative (–) cable.  
5. Check the electrolyte level in each cell. If the level is  
below the tops of the plates in any cell, fill all cells with  
distilled water between the minimum and maximum fill  
lines. Charge at 15 to 25 amps for 15 minutes to allow  
sufficient mixing of the electrolyte.  
NOTE: Before connecting the negative (ground) cable,  
connect a digital multimeter (set to amps) between the  
negative battery post and the negative (ground) cable  
connector. The reading should be less than 0.1 amp. If  
the reading is 0.1 amp or more, the machine’s electrical  
system should be tested and repaired.  
5. After battery cables have been connected to battery,  
make sure that speed selector lever does not come withꢀ  
in 1 inch (25.4 mm) of either battery cable when moved  
through its entire range of motion. Also check that batꢀ  
tery cables do not contact rotating screen on engine.  
ProCore 648  
Electrical System  
Page 5 – 29  
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Testing  
2. If a battery load tester is not available, the battery can  
be tested by conducting a hydrometer test of the battery  
electrolyte.  
1. To properly test a battery, perform a high–discharge  
test using an adjustable load tester. This is one of the  
most reliable means of testing a battery as it simulates  
the cold–cranking test. A commercial battery load tester  
is required to perform this test.  
IMPORTANT: Make sure the area around the cells is  
clean before opening the battery caps.  
A. Measure the specific gravity of each cell with a  
hydrometer. Draw electrolyte in and out of the  
hydrometer barrel prior to taking a reading to warm–  
up the hydrometer. At the same time take the temꢀ  
perature of the cell.  
CAUTION  
Follow the manufacturer’s instructions when usꢀ  
ing a battery load tester.  
B. Temperature correct each cell reading. For each  
o
o
o
o
10 F (5.5 C) above 80 F (26.7 C) add 0.004 to the  
o
o
specific gravity reading. For each 10 F (5.5 C) beꢀ  
A. Check the voltage across the battery terminals  
prior to testing the battery. If the voltage is less than  
12.4 VDC, recharge the battery.  
o
o
low 80 F (26.7 C) subtract 0.004 from the specific  
gravity reading.  
o
Example: Cell Temperature  
Cell Gravity  
100 F  
1.245  
B. If the battery has been charged, apply a 150 amp  
load for 15 seconds to remove the surface charge.  
Use a battery load tester following the manufactur-  
er’s instructions.  
o
o
o
100 F minus 80 F equals 20 F  
o
o
o
(37.7 C minus 26.7 C equals 11.0 C)  
o
o
20 F multiply by 0.004/10 F equals 0.008  
o
o
(11 C multiply by 0.004/5.5 C equals 0.008)  
C. Make sure battery terminals are free of corrosion.  
D. Measure the temperature of the center cell.  
ADD (conversion above)  
Correction to 80 F (26.7 C)  
0.008  
1.253  
o
o
C. If the difference between the highest and lowest  
cell specific gravity is 0.050 or greater or the lowest  
cell specific gravity is less than 1.225, charge the batꢀ  
tery. Charge at the recommended rate and time givꢀ  
en in Charging or until all cells specific gravity is  
1.225 or greater with the difference in specific gravity  
between the highest and lowest cell less than 0.050.  
If these charging conditions can not be met, replace  
the battery.  
E. Connect a battery load tester to the battery termiꢀ  
nals following the manufacturer’s instructions.  
Connect a digital multimeter to the battery terminals.  
F. Apply a test load of one half the Cranking Perforꢀ  
mance (see Battery Specifications) rating of the batꢀ  
tery for 15 seconds.  
G. Take a voltage reading at 15 seconds, then reꢀ  
move the load.  
H. Using the table below, determine the minimum  
voltage for the cell temperature reading:  
Minimum  
Voltage  
Battery Electrolyte  
Temperature  
o
o
9.6  
9.5  
9.4  
9.3  
9.1  
8.9  
8.7  
8.5  
70 F (and up)  
21.1 C (and up)  
o
o
60 F  
15.6 C  
o
o
50 F  
10.0 C  
o
o
40 F  
4.4 C  
o
o
30 F  
–1.1 C  
o
o
20 F  
–6.7 C  
o
o
10 F  
–12.2 C  
o
o
0 F  
–17.8 C  
I. If the test voltage is below the minimum, replace  
the battery. If the test voltage is at or above the miniꢀ  
mum, return the battery to service.  
Electrical System  
ProCore 648  
Page 5 – 30  
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Charging  
CAUTION  
To minimize possible damage to the battery and allow  
the battery to be fully charged, the slow charging methꢀ  
od is presented here. This charging method can be acꢀ  
complished with a constant current battery charger  
which is available in most shops.  
Do not charge a frozen battery because it can exꢀ  
plode and cause injury. Let the battery warm to  
60 F (15.5 C) before connecting to a charger.  
o
o
Charge the battery in a well–ventilated place to  
dissipate gases produced from charging. These  
gases are explosive; keep open flame and elecꢀ  
trical spark away from the battery. Do not smoke.  
Nausea may result if the gases are inhaled. Unꢀ  
plug the charger from the electrical outlet before  
connecting or disconnecting the charger leads  
from the battery posts.  
CAUTION  
Follow the manufacturer’s instructions when usꢀ  
ing a battery charger.  
NOTE: Using specific gravity of the battery cells is the  
most accurate method of determining battery condition.  
3. Following the manufacturer’s instructions, conꢀ  
nect the charger cables to the battery. Make sure a good  
connection is made.  
1. Determine the battery charge level from either its  
specific gravity or open circuit voltage.  
4. Charge the battery following the manufacturer’s  
instructions.  
Battery Charge  
Level  
Specific  
Gravity  
Open Circuit  
Voltage  
5. Occasionally check the temperature of the battery  
100%  
75%  
50%  
25%  
0%  
1.265  
1.225  
1.190  
1.155  
1.120  
12.68  
12.45  
12.24  
12.06  
11.89  
o
o
electrolyte. If the temperature exceeds 125 F (51.6 C)  
or the electrolyte is violently gassing or spewing, the  
charging rate must be lowered or temporarily stopped.  
6. Three hours prior to the end of the charging, meaꢀ  
sure the specific gravity of a battery cell once per hour.  
The battery is fully charged when the cells are gassing  
freely at a low charging rate and there is less than a  
0.003 change in specific gravity for three consecutive  
readings.  
2. Determine the charging time and rate using the  
manufacturer’s battery charger instructions or the  
following table.  
Battery  
Reserve  
Capacity  
(Minutes)  
Battery Charge Level  
(Percent of Fully Charged)  
75%  
50%  
25%  
0%  
80 or less 3.8 hrs  
@
7.5 hrs 11.3 hrs 15 hrs  
@
@
@
3 amps 3 amps 3 amps 3 amps  
81 to 125 5.3 hrs 10.5 hrs 15.8 hrs 21 hrs  
@
@
@
@
4 amps 4 amps 4 amps 4 amps  
126 to  
170  
5.5 hrs  
@
11 hrs  
@
16.5 hrs 22 hrs  
@
@
5 amps 5 amps 5 amps 5 amps  
171 to  
250  
5.8 hrs 11.5 hrs 17.3 hrs 23 hrs  
@
@
@
@
6 amps 6 amps 6 amps 6 amps  
above  
250  
6 hrs  
@
12 hrs  
@
18 hrs  
@
24 hrs  
@
10 amps 10 amps 10 amps 10 amps  
ProCore 648  
Electrical System  
Page 5 – 31  
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Electric Clutch  
13  
14  
15  
16  
FRONT  
RIGHT  
17  
18  
19  
21  
22  
18  
23  
24  
20  
12  
5
25  
5
11  
10  
7
6
6
8
8
1
9
3
2
4
7
6
50 to 55 ft–lb  
(67.8 to 74.6 N–m)  
Figure 39  
1. Drive belt  
10. Clutch strap  
11. Idler mounting bracket  
12. Lock nut  
13. Cap screw  
14. Hardened washer  
15. Idler pulley  
16. Torsion spring  
17. Spacer  
18. Flange bushing  
19. Pivot sleeve  
20. Idler spacer  
21. Washer  
2. Electric clutch  
3. Hardened washer  
4. Cap screw  
5. Flange nut  
6. Flat washer  
7. Brake grommet  
8. Cap screw  
9. Spacer  
22. Idler arm  
23. Flat washer  
24. Cap screw  
25. Flange nut  
Electrical System  
ProCore 648  
Page 5 – 32  
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Removal (Fig. 39)  
1. Park machine on a level surface, fully raise coring  
head, engage parking brake, stop engine and remove  
key from the ignition switch. Secure coring head with  
service latch.  
1
2. Remove pump belt cover from machine (see Opera-  
tor’s Manual).  
4
5
3. Remove muffler heat shield (see Exhaust System in  
the Service and Repairs section of Chapter 3 – Kohler  
Engine).  
2
4. Unplug wiring harness connector from clutch.  
3
5. Remove primary drive belt (coring head) (see Primaꢀ  
ry Drive Belt in the Service and Repairs section of Chapꢀ  
ter 7 – Coring Head).  
Figure 40  
1. Electric clutch  
2. Cap screw  
3. Harness connector  
4. Clutch strap  
5. Hardened washer  
6. Hold hardened washer with pliers to prevent engine  
crankshaft from turning. Remove cap screw and hardꢀ  
ened washer that secure clutch to engine crankshaft.  
7. Slide clutch from engine crankshaft.  
Installation (Fig. 39)  
1. Apply antisieze lubricant to engine crankshaft. Align  
clutch hub with engine crankshaft keyway and slide  
clutch onto crankshaft.  
2. Secure clutch to crankshaft with hardened washer  
and cap screw. Hold hardened washer with pliers to preꢀ  
vent crankshaft from turning and torque cap screw from  
50 to 55 ft–lb (67.8 to 74.6 N–m).  
3. Install primary drive belt (coring head) (see Primary  
Drive Belt in the Service and Repairs section of Chapter  
7 – Coring Head).  
4. Plug wiring harness connector into clutch. Make sure  
to secure wire harness away from rotating machine  
components.  
5. Install muffler heat shield (see Exhaust System in the  
Service and Repairs section of Chapter 3 – Kohler Enꢀ  
gine).  
6. Install pump belt cover to machine (see Operator’s  
Manual).  
ProCore 648  
Electrical System  
Page 5 – 33  
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Solenoid Valve Coil  
A solenoid valve coil on the hydraulic lift control manifold  
(Fig. 41) can be replaced without opening the hydraulic  
system.  
5 ft–lb  
5 ft–lb  
(6.8 N–m)  
(6.8 N–m)  
4
2
5
3
Removal  
1
1. Park machine on a level surface, fully raise coring  
head, engage parking brake, stop engine and remove  
key from the ignition switch. Secure coring head with  
service latch.  
2. Disconnect the wiring harness electrical connector  
from the solenoid coil to be replaced.  
3. Remove the nut from the spool assembly.  
4. Slide the coil assembly from the spool assembly. Dis-  
card the coil assembly.  
5. Clean any corrosion or dirt from the spool assembly.  
Installation  
1. Slide new coil assembly onto the spool assembly.  
2. Install the nut onto the spool assembly and torque  
nut 5 ft–lb (6.8 N–m) (do not over tighten).  
Figure 41  
1. Solenoid valve coil (SVL)  
2. Solenoid valve coil (SVQ)  
3. Solenoid valve coil (SVR)  
4. Nut  
5. Nut  
3. Connect the solenoid coil to the machine wiring har-  
ness.  
Electrical System  
ProCore 648  
Page 5 – 34  
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Chapter 6  
Chassis  
Table of Contents  
SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2  
SPECIAL TOOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3  
SERVICE AND REPAIRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4  
Wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4  
Parking Brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6  
Parking Brake Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8  
Steering Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10  
Traction Control Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12  
ProCore 648  
Page 6 – 1  
Chassis  
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Specifications  
Item  
Description  
Front and Rear Tires  
Size  
Pressure  
19 x 10.5 – 8, 2 Ply, Tubeless  
12 PSI (.83 Bar)  
Wheel lug nut torque  
Wheel hub nut torque  
45 to 55 ft–lb (61 to 75 N–m)  
190 to 230 ft–lb (258 to 312 N–m)  
Chassis  
Page 6 – 2  
ProCore 648  
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Special Tools  
Order special tools from your Toro Distributor.  
Wheel Hub Puller  
Part Number: TOR4097  
The wheel hub puller allows safe removal of the wheel  
hub from the shaft of wheel motors.  
Figure 1  
Rev. C  
ProCore 648  
Page 6 -- 3  
Chassis  
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Service and Repairs  
Wheels  
12  
11  
10  
1
9
8
2
45 to 55 ft–lb  
(61 to 75 N–m)  
9
3
8
1
4
12  
10  
5
6
7
RIGHT  
4
5
FRONT  
45 to 55 ft–lb  
(61 to 75 N–m)  
6
2
Figure 2  
1. Tire and wheel assembly  
2. Lug nut  
3. Front wheel weight  
4. Wheel weight adapter  
5. Weight stud  
6. Thrust washer  
7. Lock nut  
9. Lock nut  
10. Wheel hub  
11. Parking latch disc  
12. Wheel stud  
8. Bearing plate  
Chassis  
Page 6 – 4  
ProCore 648  
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Wheel Removal (Fig. 2)  
2. If front wheel was removed:  
1. Park machine on a level surface, fully raise coring  
head, engage parking brake, stop engine and remove  
key from the ignition switch. Secure coring head with  
service latch.  
A. If weight studs were removed from wheel weight  
adapters, thread studs fully into the correct end of the  
adapter (Fig. 3).  
B. Position front wheel to wheel hub.  
2. Jack machine from ground and support machine  
with blocking or jack stands (see Operator’s Manual and  
Jacking Instructions in Chapter 1 – Safety).  
C. Secure wheel to machine with two (2) lug nuts  
and two (2) wheel weight adapters. Torque wheel  
fasteners from 45 to 55 ft–lb (61 to 75 N–m).  
3. If rear wheel is to be removed:  
A. Loosen and remove four (4) lug nuts from wheel  
to be removed.  
CAUTION  
B. Pull wheel from machine.  
To prevent personal injury, make sure that  
wheel weight is supported as it is installed to  
the machine. Wheel weight weighs approxiꢀ  
mately 73 pounds (33.1 kg).  
4. If front wheel is to be removed:  
A. Remove two (2) lock nuts and thrust washers that  
secure wheel weight to wheel.  
D. Carefully slide wheel weight to wheel.  
E. Secure wheel weight with two (2) thrust washers  
and lock nuts.  
CAUTION  
3. Lower machine to ground. Remove service latch  
from coring head before machine use.  
To prevent personal injury, make sure that  
wheel weight is supported as it is removed  
from the machine. Wheel weight weighs  
approximately 73 pounds (33.1 kg).  
B. Carefully slide wheel weight from weight studs.  
C. Loosen and remove two (2) lug nuts and two (2)  
wheel weight adapters with weight studs.  
D. Pull wheel from machine.  
Wheel Installation (Fig. 2)  
WHEEL STUD  
WEIGHT STUD  
(.500–20 UNF–2B)  
(.500–13 UNC–2B)  
1. If rear wheel was removed:  
A. Position rear wheel to wheel hub.  
Figure 3  
B. Secure wheel to machine with four (4) lug nuts.  
Torque lug nuts from 45 to 55 ft–lb (61 to 75 N–m).  
ProCore 648  
Page 6 – 5  
Chassis  
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Parking Brake  
3
6
7
1
2
4
5
5
2
10  
190 to 230 ft–lb  
(258 to 312 N–m)  
8
9
9
3
22  
45 to 55 ft–lb  
(61 to 75 N–m)  
20  
9
11  
12  
14  
13  
21  
19  
18  
RIGHT  
15  
17  
16  
FRONT  
Figure 4  
1. Extension spring  
2. Bushing  
3. Retaining ring  
9. Hair pin  
10. Parking latch link  
11. Roll pin  
16. Bearing plate  
17. Wheel hub  
18. Parking latch disc  
4. Parking latch pivot  
5. Flange nut  
12. Parking latch bar  
13. Lock nut  
14. Tire and wheel assembly  
15. Lug nut (4 used per wheel)  
19. Drive stud (4 used per wheel)  
20. Woodruff key  
21. Parking brake cable  
22. Clevis pin  
6. Shoulder bolt  
7. Compression spring  
8. Parking latch clevis  
Chassis  
Page 6 – 6  
ProCore 648  
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Removal (Fig. 4)  
Installation (Fig. 4)  
1. Park machine on a level surface, fully raise coring  
head, stop engine and remove key from the ignition  
switch. Secure coring head with service latch.  
CAUTION  
2. Make sure parking brake is disengaged.  
Be careful when installing extension spring to  
parking latch pivot. The spring is under heavy  
load and may cause personal injury.  
3. Block front wheel. Jack or hoist rear of machine from  
ground and support machine with blocking or jack  
stands (see Operator’s Manual and Jacking Instructions  
in Chapter 1 – Safety).  
1. Install removed parking brake components using  
Figure 4 as a guide.  
4. Remove rear wheel assembly (see Wheel Removal  
in this section).  
2. If wheel hub assembly was removed:  
A. Make sure that wheel studs are installed through  
parking latch disc, wheel hub and bearing plate.  
CAUTION  
B. Make sure that wheel motor shaft and wheel hub  
taper are thoroughly cleaned.  
Be careful when removing extension spring from  
parking latch pivot. The spring is under heavy  
load and may cause personal injury.  
C. Position woodruff key into wheel motor shaft.  
D. Install wheel hub assembly to wheel motor shaft  
and secure with nut. Torque nut from 190 to 230 ft–lb  
(258 to 312 N–m).  
5. Remove parking brake components as needed usꢀ  
ing Figure 4 as a guide.  
3. Install wheel assembly (see Wheel Installation in this  
section).  
6. If parking latch disc requires removal:  
A. Loosen, but do not remove, nut that secures  
wheel hub to wheel motor shaft.  
4. Lower machine to ground. Remove service latch  
from coring head before machine use.  
IMPORTANT: To prevent damage to hydraulic motor,  
DO NOT hit wheel hub or motor with a hammer durꢀ  
ing wheel hub removal or installation.  
B. Loosen wheel hub assembly from motor shaft usꢀ  
ing wheel hub puller (see Special Tools). Once wheel  
hub is loose on shaft, remove nut and wheel hub from  
motor shaft. Locate and retrieve woodruff key from  
motor shaft.  
C. Remove wheel studs to allow separation of parkꢀ  
ing latch disc, wheel hub and bearing plate.  
7. Clean all parts. Inspect parking latch bar and parking  
latch disc for excessive wear or damage. Replace any  
damaged parts.  
ProCore 648  
Page 6 – 7  
Chassis  
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Parking Brake Cable  
14  
1
2
3
13  
12  
5
11  
10  
6
9
RIGHT  
FRONT  
8
4
7
Figure 5  
1. Control handle  
2. Grommet  
3. Steering arm  
4. Lower handle cover  
6. Flange nut  
7. Brake cable  
8. Flat washer  
9. Cotter pin  
10. Brake lever  
11. Bushing  
12. Brake spacer  
13. Cap screw  
14. Knob  
5. Washer head screw (6 used)  
Chassis  
Page 6 – 8  
ProCore 648  
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Removal (Fig. 3)  
1. Park machine on a level surface, fully raise coring  
head, stop engine and remove key from the ignition  
switch. Secure coring head with service latch. Make  
sure that parking brake is not engaged.  
5
2. Remove six (6) washer head screws that secure low-  
er handle cover to control handle. Remove lower handle  
cover.  
3. Loosen jam nut that secures parking brake cable to  
underside of control handle.  
4. Remove cotter pin and flat washer that retain brake  
cable to brake lever. Slide brake cable from brake lever.  
4
2
3
1
5. Remove brake cable from parking latch pivot on rear  
cross tube of frame (Fig. 6):  
A. Remove hairpin and clevis pin that secure park-  
ing brake cable clevis to parking latch pivot.  
Figure 6  
1. Brake cable  
2. Retaining ring  
3. Hairpin  
4. Clevis pin  
5. Parking latch pivot  
B. Remove retaining ring that secures brake cable  
to rear cross tube of frame.  
6. Note routing of parking brake cable. Remove parking  
brake cable from machine.  
Installation (Fig. 3)  
1. Position new parking brake cable to machine noting  
original routing.  
2. Secure brake cable to parking latch pivot on rear  
cross tube of frame (Fig. 6):  
A. Position parking brake cable clevis to parking  
latch pivot and secure with clevis pin and hairpin.  
B. Secure brake cable to rear cross tube of frame  
with retaining ring.  
3. Position brake cable end to parking brake lever. Se-  
cure cable to lever with flat washer and cotter pin.  
4. Secure parking brake cable to underside of control  
handle with jam nuts.  
5. Position lower handle cover to control handle and se-  
cure with six (6) washer head screws.  
6. Make sure that steering components do not contact  
cables or wire harness.  
7. Remove service latch from coring head before ma-  
chine use.  
ProCore 648  
Page 6 – 9  
Chassis  
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Steering Assembly  
36  
5
35  
6
34  
37  
7
8
33  
4
32  
31  
1
9
10  
3
11  
2
30  
19  
12  
26  
22  
18  
4
29  
28  
27  
8
20  
15  
13  
26  
25  
7
24  
17  
14  
RIGHT  
23  
22  
FRONT  
21  
16  
Figure 7  
1. Grommet  
14. Steering spindle  
15. Lock nut (3 used)  
16. Lock nut (4 used)  
17. Wheel motor  
26. Lock nut  
27. Spacer  
2. Stud (3 used)  
3. Steering arm  
4. Cap screw (5 used)  
5. Slotted hex nut  
6. Washer  
28. Ball joint  
29. Flat washer  
30. Cap screw  
18. Cap screw (4 used)  
19. Washer head screw (6 used)  
20. Lower handle cover  
21. Traction control cable  
22. Jam nut  
23. Spring retainer  
24. Compression spring  
25. Override rod  
31. Control handle  
7. Bearing cone  
8. Bearing cup  
9. Frame  
10. Steering stop  
11. Cap screw (2 used)  
12. Cable guide  
13. Cotter pin  
32. Neutral proximity switch  
33. Reverse proximity switch  
34. Relay (neutral and latching)  
35. Low oil pressure light  
36. Raise/lower switch  
37. Handle control cover  
Chassis  
Page 6 – 10  
ProCore 648  
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Disassembly (Fig. 7)  
E. Remove lock nut and cap screw that secure tracꢀ  
tion control cable to control lever. Locate and retrieve  
two (2) flat washers. Loosen jam nut that secures  
parking brake cable to underside of control handle.  
1. Park machine on a level surface, fully raise coring  
head, engage parking brake, stop engine and remove  
key from the ignition switch. Secure coring head with  
service latch.  
11.Inspect bearing cups and cones for wear or damage.  
Replace worn or damaged components.  
2. Block rear wheels. Jack front of machine from  
ground and support machine with blocking or jack  
stands (see Operator’s Manual and Jacking Instructions  
in Chapter 1 – Safety).  
Assembly (Fig. 7)  
1. If removed, secure steering spindle to steering arm  
with four (4) cap screws.  
3. Remove front wheel assembly (see Wheel Removal  
in this section).  
2. If bearing cups were removed from frame, install new  
cups to frame.  
4. Remove front wheel motor (see Wheel Motor Reꢀ  
moval in Service and Repairs section of Chapter 4 – Hyꢀ  
draulic System).  
3. Install steering arm to frame:  
A. Pack bearing cones with grease. Position lower  
bearing on steering spindle shaft.  
5. Remove fuel tank from machine (see Fuel Tank Reꢀ  
moval in Service and Repairs section of Chapter 3 –  
Kohler Engine).  
B. Slide steering shaft up through frame. Position  
upper bearing and washer on steering spindle shaft.  
6. Remove two (2) cap screws that secure cable guide  
to steering arm. Position cables and wire harness away  
from steering arm.  
C. Install slotted hex nut onto steering spindle, tightꢀ  
en completely and then back nut off slightly. Retighꢀ  
ten nut until drag is felt while rotating steering arm.  
Back–off nut to align spindle shaft hole with slotted  
hex nut. Make sure that steering arm rotates freely  
after slotted hex nut has been tightened.  
7. Support control handle. Remove three (3) lock nuts  
that secure control handle to steering arm. Slide control  
handle from steering arm taking care to not damage  
control cables or wiring harness that will stay attached  
to machine. Position handle away from steering arm.  
D. Insert cotter pin through slotted hex nut and  
steering spindle shaft.  
8. Support steering arm. Remove cotter pin and slotted  
hex nut from upper end of steering spindle. Lower steerꢀ  
ing arm from frame.  
4. Assemble steering components in the reverse order  
of disassembly using Figure 7 as a guide.  
5. Lower machine to ground. Remove service latch  
from coring head before machine use.  
9. If necessary, remove steering spindle from steering  
arm.  
6. Make sure that steering components do not contact  
cables or wire harness.  
10.If necessary, remove control handle from machine:  
A. Remove six (6) washer head screws that secure  
lower handle cover to control handle. Remove lower  
handle cover.  
1
2
1
3
B. Remove four (4) screws that secure handle conꢀ  
trol cover to control handle. Unplug harness connecꢀ  
tors from low oil pressure light and raise lower switch  
on cover.  
C. Unplug harness connectors from neutral relay,  
latching relay, neutral proximity switch and reverse  
proximity switch on control handle.  
D. Disconnect parking brake cable from brake lever  
(see Parking Brake Cable Removal in this section).  
Figure 8  
1. Relay  
2. Reverse prox switch  
3. Neutral prox switch  
ProCore 648  
Page 6 – 11  
Chassis  
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Traction Control Cable  
Removal  
7
8
1. Remove traction control cable from hydraulic pump  
control (Fig. 10) and traction lever on handle and (Fig.  
11).  
2
2
1
2. Remove traction control cable from machine noting  
routing of cable to aid in correct installation.  
6
5
3. Disassemble traction control cable using Figure 9 as  
a guide.  
4
1
Installation  
3
1. Assemble traction control cable using Figure 9 as a  
guide. Tighten lock nuts (item 6) so that compression  
spring (item 4) has a length from 6.750” to 6.880” (17.2  
to 17.4 cm).  
2
Figure 9  
2. Route traction control cable from traction lever on  
handle to pump control noting original routing.  
1. Traction control cable  
2. Jam nut  
5. Override rod  
6. Lock nut  
3. Spring retainer  
4. Compression spring  
7. Ball joint (traction lever)  
8. Ball joint (pump lever)  
3. After assembly, make sure that steering components  
do not contact traction cable.  
4. Check and adjust traction drive for neutral (see Op-  
erator’s Manual).  
1
3
2
Figure 10  
1. Pump control  
3. Cable ball joint  
2. Traction control cable  
1
2
Figure 11  
1. Traction lever  
2. Cable ball joint  
Rev. B  
Chassis  
Page 6 – 12  
ProCore 648  
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Chapter 7  
Coring Head  
Table of Contents  
GENERAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2  
Coring Head Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2  
Coring Crankshaft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2  
Coring Head Service Latch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3  
Coring Head Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3  
SERVICE AND REPAIRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4  
Rotolink Dampers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4  
Stomper Arms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6  
Coring Crankshaft Bearing Housings . . . . . . . . . . . 8  
Primary Drive Belt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10  
Secondary Drive Belt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12  
Coring Head Drive Jackshaft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14  
Coring Head Pivot (H–Frame) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16  
ProCore 648  
Page 7 – 1  
Coring Head  
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General Information  
Coring Head Operation  
The coring head of the Procore 648 consists of a frame  
that pivots for aerating depth control, a coring crankꢀ  
shaft, stomper arms with rotolinks to provide vertical tine  
motion, turf holders, tine holders and aerating tines.  
Drive for the coring head comes from the engine  
mounted electric clutch through a primary and seconꢀ  
dary drive belt. The primary drive belt drives a jackshaft  
which in turn drives the coring crankshaft with the seconꢀ  
dary drive belt. Each of these drive belts is tensioned by  
a spring loaded idler pulley.  
The coring crankshaft is composed of multiple crankꢀ  
arms, bearings, bearing housings and couplings. For  
assembly purposes, proper component position is idenꢀ  
tified by alignment marks on bearing housings and numꢀ  
bers cast into crankarms. Crankshaft journals are timed  
to ensure minimal vibration.  
Figure 1  
Aerating depth control is based on tine choice and hanꢀ  
dled automatically by the TrueCoreTM ground following  
system. Manual depth control aeration can be perꢀ  
formed by turning the TrueCoreTM System off and adꢀ  
justing the coring head manual spacers to obtain the  
desired aerating depth (1/2” increments).  
Turf holders are used to prevent damage to the turf as  
the tines are lifted from the ground. Turf holders also  
provide inputs for the TrueCoreTM ground following sysꢀ  
tem.  
A variety of tines, tine heads and turf holders are availꢀ  
able for use on the ProCore 648. See the Operator’s  
Manual for available options.  
Coring Crankshaft  
The coring crankshaft assembly is composed of six (6)  
crankarms. One of the crankarms is incorporated into  
the crankshaft pulley. The crankarms need to be timed  
for proper aerating operation. For assembly purposes,  
crankshaft positions are identified as #1 through #6. The  
#1 position is on the right (pulley) side of the crankshaft  
(Fig. 2). The crankshaft position is cast into the  
crankarms to assist in correct crankshaft assembly.  
The crankshaft assembly is supported with three identiꢀ  
cal bearing housing assemblies. The six stomper arms  
and rotolink dampers used on the ProCore 648 are the  
same for all positions.  
2
1
Figure 2  
1. #1 position  
2. #6 position  
Coring Head  
Page 7 – 2  
ProCore 648  
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Coring Head Service Latch  
Whenever service is to be performed on coring head  
components, fully raise coring head and install service  
latch (Fig. 3).  
Before using machine, remove service latch from coring  
head.  
1
Figure 3  
1. Service latch (in raised, locked position)  
Coring Head Adjustments  
See Operator’s Manual for adjustment procedures for  
the coring head on the ProCore 648.  
CAUTION  
Never work on the coring head with the engine  
running. Always fully raise coring head, stop enꢀ  
gine, remove key from the ignition switch and  
install the coring head service latch before perꢀ  
forming any service to coring head components.  
ProCore 648  
Page 7 – 3  
Coring Head  
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Service and Repairs  
Rotolink Dampers  
FRONT  
RIGHT  
4
1
2
3
17  
12  
13  
9
13  
10  
11  
10  
12  
16  
15  
5
9
16  
150 to 170 ft–lb  
(203 to 230 N–m)  
8
14  
7
6
10  
Figure 4  
1. Lock nut  
7. Lock nut  
13. Cap screw  
2. Hardened D washer  
3. Flange head screw  
4. Stud  
8. Hardened washer  
9. Damper link  
10. Bearing  
14. Rubber bumper  
15. Rotolink damper  
16. Damper standoff  
17. Damper top spacer  
5. Bumper plate  
6. Cap screw  
11. Stomper arm  
12. Flange nut  
NOTE: The rotolink damper assemblies for all stomper  
arms used on the ProCore 648 are identical.  
Coring Head  
Page 7 – 4  
ProCore 648  
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Disassembly (Fig. 4)  
Assembly (Fig. 4)  
1. Park machine on a level surface, fully raise coring  
head, engage parking brake, stop engine and remove  
key from the ignition switch. Secure coring head with  
service latch.  
1. If studs (item 4) were removed from damper (item  
15), thread stud fully into damper.  
2. If bearings were removed from damper links, press  
new bearings into links.  
2. Remove rotolink components as needed using Figꢀ  
ure 4 as a guide.  
3. Assemble all components before fully tightening any  
fasteners so there is no preload on rotolink damper comꢀ  
ponents. Tighten fasteners in the following order:  
A. Secure damper links (item 9) to stomper arm  
(item 11) and damper (item 15). Torque lock nuts  
(item 7) from 150 to 170 ft–lb (203 to 230 N–m).  
B. Tighten two (2) flange nuts (item 12) that secure  
damper links.  
C. Tighten two (2) lock nuts (item 1) that secure  
damper to frame.  
4. After assembly, rotate coring crankshaft by hand to  
make sure that no binding occurs.  
NOTE: If using longer, solid tines, damper top spacer  
(item 17) might not be installed (see Operator’s Manuꢀ  
al).  
5. If damper standoff (item 16) and top spacer (item 16)  
are both installed on rotolink damper, rubber bumpers  
(item 16) should contact bumper plates (item 5). If only  
damper standoff (item 16) is used, rubber bumpers  
should contact frame (bumper plates moved forward).  
6. Remove service latch from coring head before using  
machine.  
ProCore 648  
Page 7 – 5  
Coring Head  
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Stomper Arms  
3
1
150 to 170 ft–lb  
(203 to 230 N–m)  
2
FRONT  
RIGHT  
12  
2
3
11  
10  
5
6
4
9
8
150 to 170 ft–lb  
(203 to 230 N–m)  
5
4
7
3
ANTISIEZE  
LUBRICANT  
2
6
STOMPER ARMS #1 AND #2 SHOWN  
Figure 5  
1. Coring frame  
2. Cap screw  
3. Flat washer  
4. Retaining ring  
5. Ball bearing  
6. Stomper arm  
7. Pulley  
9. Crankarm  
10. Square key  
11. Coupling  
8. Bearing housing  
12. Spacer tube  
NOTE: The six (6) stomper arms used on the ProCore  
648 are identical. Coring crankshaft positions are identi-  
fied as #1 through #6. The #1 position is on the right  
(pulley) side of the coring crankshaft (Fig. 6).  
2
1
Figure 6  
1. #1 position  
2. #6 position  
Coring Head  
Page 7 – 6  
ProCore 648  
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Removal (Fig. 5)  
Installation (Fig. 5 and 7)  
1. Park machine on a level surface, fully raise coring  
head, engage parking brake, stop engine and remove  
key from the ignition switch. Secure coring head with  
service latch.  
1. If removed, install ball bearing into upper end of  
stomper arm and secure with retaining ring.  
2. Install any rotolink damper components that were reꢀ  
moved during disassembly (see Rotolink Dampers in  
this section).  
2. Remove rear hood (see Operator’s Manual).  
3. Remove two (2) lock nuts and hardened D washers  
that secure rotolink damper to coring head frame (see  
Rotolink Dampers in this section).  
3. Thoroughly apply antisieze lubricant to stomper arm  
shaft surface on coring crankshaft.  
4. Raise stomper arm assembly up through frame.  
Slide stomper arm bearing onto coring crankshaft.  
4. If outside stomper arm (#1 or #6) is to be removed:  
A. If #1 stomper arm is being removed, remove secꢀ  
ondary coring head drive belt (see Secondary Drive  
Belt Removal in this section).  
5. Secure stomper arm to coring crankshaft in the reꢀ  
verse order of disassembly.  
A. Torque 5/8” cap screws from 150 to 170 ft–lb (203  
to 230 N–m).  
B. Remove cap screw and flat washer that retain  
stomper arm to coring crankshaft.  
B. Torque 1/2” cap screws from 70 to 80 ft–lb (95 to  
108 N–m).  
C. If #6 stomper arm is being removed, remove  
spacer tube (item 12) from coring crankshaft.  
6. Secure rotolink damper to coring head frame with  
lock nut and hardened D washer (see Rotolink Dampers  
in this section).  
D. Support stomper arm assembly to prevent it from  
falling during removal. Slide stomper arm from corꢀ  
ing crankshaft. Carefully, lower stomper arm assemꢀ  
bly from frame.  
7. After assembly, rotate coring crankshaft by hand to  
make sure that no binding occurs.  
5. If inside stomper arm (#2, #3, #4 or #5) is to be reꢀ  
moved:  
8. If removed, install tine holders and tines to stomper  
arm (see Operator’s Manual).  
A. Remove fasteners that secure coupling plate to  
coupling on stomper to be removed (Fig. 7).  
9. If removed, install secondary coring head drive belt  
(see Secondary Drive Belt Installation in this section).  
B. Remove cap screw and flat washer that secures  
coupling and stomper arm to coring crankshaft.  
10.Install rear hood (see Operator’s Manual). Disenꢀ  
gage service latch before machine use.  
C. Slide coupling from coring crankshaft. Locate  
and retrieve square key.  
1
150 to 170 ft–lb  
(203 to 230 N–m)  
D. Support stomper arm assembly to prevent it from  
falling during removal. Slide stomper arm from corꢀ  
ing crankshaft. Carefully, lower stomper arm assemꢀ  
bly from frame.  
2
4
3
8
7
6. If necessary, remove retaining ring and ball bearing  
from stomper arm.  
7. If necessary, remove tines and tine holders from  
stomper arm (see Operator’s Manual).  
6
8. Remove rotolink damper components as needed  
(see Rotolink Dampers in this section).  
5
70 to 80 ft–lb  
(95 to 108 N–m)  
Figure 7  
1. Coupling (#3 shown)  
2. Iso mount (2 used)  
3. Coupling (#2 shown)  
4. Cap screw (2 used)  
5. Coupling plate  
6. Cap screw (4 used)  
7. Lock nut (2 used)  
8. Flat washer (2 used)  
ProCore 648  
Page 7 – 7  
Coring Head  
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Coring Crankshaft Bearing Housings  
70 to 80 ft–lb  
(95 to 108 N–m)  
23  
150 to 170 ft–lb  
(203 to 230 N–m)  
21  
FRONT  
RIGHT  
24  
7
1
21  
20  
5
22  
150 to 170 ft–lb  
(203 to 230 N–m)  
2
8
3
150 to 170 ft–lb  
(203 to 230 N–m)  
11  
1
2
6
4
70 to 80 ft–lb  
(95 to 108 N–m)  
8
9
10  
17  
16  
12  
ANTISIEZE  
LUBRICANT  
18  
ANTISIEZE  
LUBRICANT  
5
4
6
13  
2
1
14  
14  
2
2
15  
16  
BEARING HOUSING FOR #5 AND #6  
STOMPER ARMS SHOWN  
150 to 170 ft–lb  
(203 to 230 N–m)  
19  
18  
Figure 8  
1. Cap screw  
2. Flat washer  
3. Spacer tube  
4. Stomper arm  
5. Ball bearing  
6. Retaining ring  
7. Crankarm  
9. Bearing housing  
10. Spacer  
17. Cap screw (4 used per plate)  
18. Cap screw  
11. Crankarm  
19. Coupling  
12. Square key  
13. Coupling (#5 shown)  
14. Lock nut  
15. Coupling plate  
16. Iso mount  
20. Cap screw (4 used per housing)  
21. Hardened washer  
22. Spring pin (2 used per housing)  
23. Lock nut  
24. Coring head frame  
8. Ball bearing  
NOTE: The three (3) bearing housings used on the Pro-  
Core 648 are identical. Coring crankshaft positions are  
identified as #1 through #6. The #1 position is on the  
right (pulley) side of the coring crankshaft.  
3. If bearing housing for #1 and #2 stomper arms is to  
be removed, remove secondary coring head drive belt  
(see Secondary Drive Belt Removal in this section).  
4. Remove stomper arms on either side of bearing  
housing that is to be removed (see Stomper Arm Re-  
moval in this section).  
Removal (Fig. 8)  
1. Park machine on a level surface, fully raise coring  
head, engage parking brake, stop engine and remove  
key from the ignition switch. Secure coring head with  
service latch.  
5. Drive Spring pins from bearing housing and coring  
head frame.  
6. Support bearing housing assembly to prevent it from  
falling. Remove fasteners that secure bearing housing  
assembly to coring head frame. Remove bearing hous-  
ing assembly.  
2. Remove rear hood (see Operator’s Manual).  
Coring Head  
Page 7 – 8  
ProCore 648  
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7. Disassemble bearing housing assembly:  
D. Lock nuts that secure rotolink dampers to frame  
(see Rotolink Damper Installation in this section).  
A. Remove cap screw (item 1) and flat washer (item  
2) that fasten crankarms together. Take note of align-  
ment of identification number on crankarm with tim-  
ing mark on bearing housing (Fig. 9).  
9. After assembly, rotate coring crankshaft by hand to  
make sure that no binding occurs.  
10.If removed, install secondary coring head drive belt  
(see Secondary Drive Belt Installation in this section).  
B. Slide crankarms from bearing housing.  
C. If necessary, remove bearings and spacer from  
bearing housing.  
11.Install rear hood (see Operator’s Manual). Disen-  
gage service latch before machine use.  
Installation (Fig. 8)  
2
1. Install new bearings if they were removed from hous-  
ing:  
A. Install new bearing in one side of housing by  
pressing on outer race of bearing.  
1
B. Position spacer into bearing housing.  
2
C. Install second new bearing by pressing on outer  
race of bearing. Make sure that spacer is centered  
between bearings.  
2. Thoroughly apply antisieze lubricant to splines of  
crankarms.  
Figure 9  
3. Install crankarms into bearing housing. Make sure  
that correct identification number on crankarm is aligned  
with timing mark on bearing housing (Fig. 9).  
1. Housing timing mark  
2. Crankarm position  
1
150 to 170 ft–lb  
(203 to 230 N–m)  
4. Install cap screw (item 1) and flat washer (item 2) to  
retain crankarms. Do not fully tighten cap screw.  
5. Drive new spring pins into coring head frame holes.  
2
4
3
6. Position bearing housing assembly to coring head  
frame and secure with four (4) cap screws, eight (8)  
hardened washers and four (4) lock nuts. Torque fasten-  
ers from 70 to 80 ft–lb (95 to 108 N–m).  
8
7
7. Install stomper arms to crankarms on either side of  
bearing housing (see Stomper Arm Installation in this  
section). Do not fully tighten fasteners.  
6
5
NOTE: With #1 crankarm aligned with cast mark on  
bearing housing, all subsequent crankarm cast timing  
numbers must be in line from 1 to 6.  
70 to 80 ft–lb  
(95 to 108 N–m)  
Figure 10  
8. Once all components have been installed, fully tight-  
en fasteners in the following order. Tighten fasteners to  
the torque specifications identified in Figures 8 and 10:  
1. Coupling (#3 shown)  
2. Iso mount (2 used)  
3. Coupling (#2 shown)  
4. Cap screw (2 used)  
5. Coupling plate  
6. Cap screw (4 used)  
7. Lock nut (2 used)  
8. Flat washer (2 used)  
A. Cap screws that fasten crankarms.  
B. Cap screws that secure top and bottom of stomp-  
er arms.  
C. Cap screws that secure coupling plates (Fig. 10).  
ProCore 648  
Page 7 – 9  
Coring Head  
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Primary Drive Belt  
13  
14  
15  
16  
FRONT  
RIGHT  
17  
18  
19  
21  
22  
18  
23  
24  
20  
12  
5
25  
5
11  
10  
7
6
6
8
8
1
9
3
2
4
7
6
50 to 55 ft–lb  
(67.8 to 74.6 N–m)  
Figure 11  
1. Primary drive belt  
2. Electric clutch  
3. Hardened washer  
4. Cap screw  
10. Clutch strap  
11. Idler mounting bracket  
12. Lock nut  
13. Cap screw  
14. Hardened washer  
15. Idler pulley  
16. Torsion spring  
17. Spacer  
18. Flange bushing  
19. Pivot sleeve  
20. Idler spacer  
21. Washer  
5. Flange nut  
22. Idler arm  
6. Flat washer  
7. Brake grommet  
8. Cap screw  
23. Flat washer  
24. Cap screw  
25. Flange nut  
9. Spacer  
Coring Head  
Page 7 – 10  
ProCore 648  
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Removal (Fig. 11)  
Installation (Fig. 11)  
1. Park machine on a level surface, fully raise coring  
head, engage parking brake, stop engine and remove  
key from the ignition switch. Secure coring head with  
service latch.  
1. Position drive belt to machine pulleys. Make sure  
that belt is routed under idler pulley.  
2. Position clutch strap (item 10) to clutch and secure  
with cap screw (item 8), flat washers (item 6) and flange  
nut (item 5).  
2. Remove belt cover (see Operator’s Manual).  
3. Remove exhaust system shield (see Exhaust Sysꢀ  
tem Removal in the Service and Repairs section of  
Chapter 3 – Kohler Engine).  
3. Plug machine wire harness connector into clutch.  
CAUTION  
4. Insert nut driver or small piece of pipe onto the end  
of the torsion spring (item 16) of the idler pulley.  
Be careful when removing or applying tension  
from or to the torsion spring of the idler pulley.  
The spring is under heavy load and may cause  
personal injury.  
CAUTION  
Be careful when removing or applying tension  
from or to the torsion spring of the idler pulley.  
The spring is under heavy load and may cause  
personal injury.  
4. Insert nut driver or small piece of pipe onto the end  
of the torsion spring (item 16) of the idler pulley. Push  
down on the spring end and hook the spring on the idler  
mounting bracket to tension the idler pulley.  
5. Push down on the spring end and unhook the spring  
from the idler mounting bracket.  
5. Install exhaust system shield (see Exhaust System  
Installation in the Service and Repairs section of Chapꢀ  
ter 3 – Kohler Engine).  
6. Loosen and remove cap screw (item 8), flat washers  
(item 6) and flange nut (item 5) that secure clutch strap  
(item 10) to clutch. Position clutch strap away from  
clutch.  
6. Install belt cover (see Operator’s Manual).  
7. Remove service latch from coring head before using  
machine.  
7. Unplug machine wire harness connector from clutch.  
8. Remove primary drive belt from pulleys and maꢀ  
chine.  
ProCore 648  
Page 7 – 11  
Coring Head  
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Secondary Drive Belt  
5
8
7
6
5
9
10  
4
3
11  
12  
2
13  
1
14  
FRONT  
RIGHT  
15  
Figure 12  
1. Secondary drive belt  
2. Cap screw  
3. Secondary pulley  
4. Cap screw  
5. Flange bushing  
6. Idler pulley  
7. Idler pivot tube  
8. Idler arm  
9. Lock nut  
10. Carriage screw (2 used)  
11. Flange nut (2 used)  
12. Idler spring arm  
13. Extension spring (2 used)  
14. Coring crankshaft pulley  
15. #1 stomper arm  
Removal (Fig. 12)  
3
1. Park machine on a level surface, fully raise coring  
head, engage parking brake, stop engine and remove  
key from the ignition switch. Secure coring head with  
service latch.  
1
2
2. Remove belt cover and rear hood from machine (see  
Operator’s Manual).  
4
CAUTION  
Figure 13  
Be careful when lifting the idler pulley. The idler  
pulley is spring loaded and may cause personal  
injury.  
1. Extension springs  
2. Spring arm  
3. Upper flange nut  
4. 1/2” drive hole  
Coring Head  
Page 7 – 12  
ProCore 648  
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NOTE: If desired, extension spring tension can be reꢀ  
moved from idler pulley by loosening two (2) flange nuts  
that secure spring arm to frame. Use 1/2” drive breaker  
bar inserted into spring arm to hold arm, remove upper  
carriage screw and flange nut and rotate spring arm to  
relax spring (Fig. 13).  
2
1
3. Lift idler pulley to release tension on secondary drive  
belt (Fig. 14). While holding idler away from belt, remove  
belt from secondary drive pulley. Carefully lower idler  
pulley.  
3
4. Loosen and remove two (2) lock nuts and hardened  
D washers that secure rotolink damper for #1 stomper  
arm (see Rotolink Damper Removal in this section).  
Lower rotolink damper from coring head frame.  
Figure 14  
1. Secondary drive pulley  
2. Idler pulley  
3. Secondary drive belt  
5. Remove secondary drive belt from coring crankshaft  
pulley.  
2
6. Route drive belt down through coring head frame  
and around lower end of #1 stomper arm to remove secꢀ  
ondary drive belt from machine (Fig. 15 and 16).  
1
Installation (Fig. 12)  
1. Route secondary drive belt around lower end of #1  
stomper arm and up through coring head frame (Fig. 15  
and 16).  
2. Position drive belt to coring crankshaft pulley.  
3. Lift idler pulley to allow installation of belt to seconꢀ  
dary drive pulley (Fig. 14). Carefully lower idler pulley to  
tension drive belt.  
Figure 15  
1. Secondary drive belt  
2. #1 stomper arm  
4. Raise rotolink damper for #1 stomper arm to coring  
head frame. Make sure that damper standoff and top  
spacer are on damper studs. Secure damper to coring  
head frame with two (2) hardened D washers and lock  
nuts (see Rotolink Damper Installation in this section).  
2
5. Install belt cover and rear hood to machine (see Op-  
erator’s Manual).  
6. Remove service latch from coring head before using  
machine.  
1
Figure 16  
1. Secondary drive belt  
2. #1 rotolink damper  
ProCore 648  
Page 7 – 13  
Coring Head  
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Coring Head Drive Jackshaft  
6
5
7
6
8
10  
9
9
8
4
3
2
11  
11  
1
12  
5
10  
13  
2
3
12  
4
14  
15  
FRONT  
RIGHT  
Figure 17  
1. Primary pulley  
2. Taper lock bushing  
3. Lock washer  
4. Cap screw  
6. Woodruff key  
7. Jackshaft  
8. Cap screw (2 used per bearing)  
9. Flange mount bearing  
10. Plug  
11. Set screw  
12. Lock nut (2 used per bearing)  
13. Secondary pulley  
14. Secondary drive belt  
15. Coring crankshaft  
5. Set screw  
Removal (Fig. 17)  
5. Loosen taper lock bushings (Fig. 18):  
1. Park machine on a level surface, fully raise coring  
head, engage parking brake, stop engine and remove  
key from the ignition switch. Secure coring head with  
service latch.  
A. Remove three (3) cap screws and lockwashers  
that secure taper lock bushing to pulley.  
IMPORTANT: Excessive or unequal pressure on the  
cap screws can break the taper lock bushing flange.  
When removing taper lock bushing, tighten screws  
progressively and evenly.  
2. Remove belt cover and rear hood from machine (see  
Operator’s Manual).  
3. Remove primary and secondary drive belts from  
jackshaft pulleys (see Primary Drive Belt Removal and  
Secondary Drive Belt Removal in this section).  
B. Insert cap screws into threaded removal holes of  
the bushing. Tighten screws progressively and even-  
ly until the pulley is loose on the bushing.  
4. Loosen cap screws and lock nuts that secure flange  
mount bearings to machine frame. Support jackshaft as-  
sembly, remove loosened cap screws and lock nuts and  
remove jackshaft assembly from machine.  
6. Loosen set screws (item 5) that secure taper lock  
bushings to jackshaft. Remove bushings and pulleys  
from the jackshaft. Locate and retrieve woodruff keys  
(item 6) that locate bushings on jackshaft.  
Coring Head  
Page 7 – 14  
ProCore 648  
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NOTE: Jackshaft rotates counterclockwise as viewed  
from right side of machine (Fig. 18).  
10.Install primary and secondary drive belts to jackshaft  
pulleys (see Primary Drive Belt Installation and Seconꢀ  
dary Drive Belt Installation in this section).  
7. Loosen set screw that secures each flange mount  
bearing locking collar to jackshaft. Using the blind hole  
in bearing collar as a striking point, unlock collar from  
jackshaft by rotating the collar in the opposite direction  
of jackshaft rotation with a punch (Fig. 19).  
11.Check that belt alignment is still correct. If needed,  
readjust pulley location on jackshaft.  
12.Install belt cover and rear hood to machine (see Op-  
erator’s Manual). Remove service latch from coring  
head before using machine.  
8. Slide flange mount bearings from jackshaft.  
Installation (Fig. 17)  
1. Make sure that tapered surfaces of pulleys and taper  
lock bushings are thoroughly clean (no oil, grease, dirt,  
rust, etc.).  
2. Slide flange mount bearings onto jackshaft.  
3
1
3. Place woodruff keys (item 6) in jackshaft. Slide pulꢀ  
leys and taper lock bushings onto jackshaft making sure  
that tapered surfaces of pulley and bushing align. Align  
threaded holes of pulley with non–threaded holes of  
bushing. Loosely install three (3) cap screws with lock  
washers to both bushing and pulley assemblies.  
ROTATION  
2
DIRECTION  
Figure 18  
1. Cap screw/lock washer  
2. Threaded hole  
3. Set screw  
4. Position jackshaft assembly to machine frame. Seꢀ  
cure flange mount bearings to frame with cap screws  
and lock nuts.  
1
IMPORTANT: When tightening bushing cap screws,  
tighten in three equal steps and in a circular pattern  
to prevent bushing flange damage.  
2
5. Align taper lock bushing in primary pulley flush with  
end of jackshaft and secure with set screw. Tighten  
three (3) cap screws to a torque from 180 to 200 in–lb  
(20.3 to 22.6 N–m) in three equal steps and in a circular  
pattern to secure primary pulley and taper lock bushing.  
LOOSEN  
Figure 19  
6. Position jackshaft to align primary pulley and electric  
clutch pulley on engine.  
1. Flange mount bearing  
2. Jackshaft  
7. Using the blind hole in flange mount bearing locking  
collars as a striking point, lock collars to jackshaft by roꢀ  
tating the collars with a punch in the direction of jackꢀ  
shaft rotation (Fig. 20). Tighten set screw (item 11) to  
secure each bearing locking collar to jackshaft.  
TIGHTEN  
2
8. Position secondary pulley on jackshaft to align secꢀ  
ondary pulley and coring head pulley. Secure in position  
with taper lock bushing set screw.  
1
IMPORTANT: When tightening bushing cap screws,  
tighten in three equal steps and in a circular pattern.  
9. Secure taper lock bushing by tightening three (3) cap  
screws to a torque from 180 to 200 in–lb (20.3 to 22.6  
N–m) in three equal steps and in a circular pattern to seꢀ  
cure secondary pulley and taper lock bushing.  
3
Figure 20  
1. Flange mount bearing  
2. Jackshaft  
3. Set screw  
ProCore 648  
Page 7 – 15  
Coring Head  
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Coring Head Pivot (H–Frame)  
15  
14  
1
2
4
3
14  
5
13  
6
13  
10  
12  
3
4
7
12  
RIGHT  
8
9
FRONT  
11  
Figure 21  
1. Coring frame  
6. Jam nut (LH thread)  
7. Upper link  
11. Main frame  
2. H–frame  
12. Thrust washer  
3. Hex nut  
4. Lock washer  
5. Rod end (LH thread)  
8. Jam nut  
13. Carriage screw  
14. Pivot shaft  
15. Flange nut  
9. Rod end  
10. Flange bushing (4 used)  
Coring Head  
Page 7 – 16  
ProCore 648  
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Disassembly (Fig. 21)  
5
6
1. Park machine on a level surface, fully raise coring  
head, engage parking brake, stop engine and remove  
key from the ignition switch. Secure coring head with  
service latch.  
7
4
3
2
2. Remove belt cover and rear hood from machine (see  
Operator’s Manual).  
8
1
3. Chock wheels to prevent the machine from moving.  
9
10  
11  
4. Remove tine heads from stomper arms to allow cor-  
ing head to be fully lowered.  
12  
RIGHT  
FRONT  
CAUTION  
Figure 22  
The extension springs are under tension and  
may cause personal injury during removal. Use  
caution when disconnecting springs from ma-  
chine.  
1. Shackle  
2. Clevis pin  
3. Hair pin  
4. Extension spring  
5. Carriage screw  
6. Spring plate  
7. Flange nut  
8. Cylinder pin  
9. Spacer  
10. Thrust washer  
11. Retaining ring  
12. Lift cylinder  
5. Disconnect the upper end of both extension springs  
from spring plates on coring head frame (Fig. 22):  
2
4
4
2
A. Remove service latch from coring head. Turn key  
switch to ON (engine not running). Move traction le-  
ver to forward direction and depress lower switch on  
handle to fully lower coring head.  
3
B. Loosen, but do not remove, both flange nuts (Fig.  
22 item 6) that secure the spring plates (Fig. 22 item  
5) for both extension springs.  
1
C. Using a 1/2” breaker bar, hold spring plate to pre-  
vent it from moving. Remove upper flange nut and  
carriage screw (Fig. 22 item 4) from spring plate and  
coring head frame.  
Figure 23  
1. Lift cylinder shaft  
2. Thrust washer  
3. Cylinder pin  
4. Spacer  
D. Using lower carriage screw and flange nut as a  
pivot, carefully release tension on extension spring  
(Fig. 22 item 3) by rotating spring plate with breaker  
bar.  
1
E. Remove hair pin (Fig. 22 item 3) and clevis pin  
(Fig. 22 item 2) that secure spring shackle (Fig. 22  
item 1) to spring plate. Position extension spring  
away from coring head frame.  
2
6. Start engine and allow coring head to fully raise. Turn  
engine off. Secure coring head with service latch.  
7. Lower coring head onto service latch to allow lift cyl-  
inder to be disconnected from coring head. Turn key  
switch to ON (engine not running). Move traction lever  
to forward direction and depress lower switch on handle  
to lower coring head onto service latch. Return key  
switch to OFF and remove key from the ignition switch.  
Figure 24  
1. Proximity switch bracket  
2. Machine frame  
ProCore 648  
Page 7 – 17  
Coring Head  
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8. Disconnect upper end of lift cylinder from coring  
head frame (Figs. 22 and 23):  
2. Position H–frame to machine frame making sure that  
thrust washers are placed between H–frame and maꢀ  
chine frame. Align both sides of H–frame to pivot shaft  
holes in machine frame. Slide pivot shaft into H–frame  
and machine frame.  
A. Remove retaining ring from one end of cylinder  
pin that secures lift cylinder to coring head frame.  
B. Pull cylinder pin from coring head frame and lift  
cylinder. Locate and retrieve two (2) thrust washers  
and two (2) spacers as pin is removed.  
3. Position coring head to allow alignment of both sides  
of H–frame to pivot shaft holes in coring head frame.  
Slide pivot shaft into H–frame and coring head frame.  
C. Rotate lift cylinder toward front of machine.  
4. Complete assembly of coring head to machine in the  
reverse order of disassembly.  
9. Disconnect wire harness connectors from limit  
switches on depth actuator assembly.  
10.Remove proximity switch bracket from machine  
frame (Fig. 24). Position switch bracket with proximity  
switches still attached away from H–frame.  
2
11.Remove right rear wheel from machine (see Wheel  
Removal in Service and Repairs section of Chapter 6 –  
Chassis). Make sure that machine is supported well with  
jackstands or blocking.  
1
CAUTION  
The coring head assembly weighs approximateꢀ  
ly 650 pounds (294.8 kg). Make sure that proper  
lift or hoist is used to support coring head during  
repairs.  
Figure 25  
1. Bearing housing  
2. Lifting eyelet  
2
12.Using suitable lift or hoist, support coring head using  
lifting eyelets on coring crankshaft as lift points (Fig. 25).  
Once coring head is well supported, remove service  
latch from coring head.  
1
13.Remove upper link assemblies from machine frame  
and coring head frame.  
2
17.720” to 17.780”  
(45.0 to 45.2 cm)  
14.Remove flange nuts (item 15) and carriage screws  
(item 13) that secure end of pivot shafts to machine.  
15.Carefully slide pivot shafts from H–frame. Locate  
and retrieve thrust washers (item 12) from between H–  
frame and machine frame.  
16.Remove H–frame from machine.  
Figure 26  
1. Upper link  
2. Rod end  
Assembly (Fig. 21)  
1. If upper links were disassembled, install rod ends  
equally to make link assembly 17.720” to 17.780” (45.0  
to 45.2 cm) long (rod center to rod center) (Fig. 26).  
IMPORTANT: When installing pivot shaft to H–  
frame, make sure that both sides of H–frame are  
aligned with holes in machine frame before instalꢀ  
ling pivot shaft.  
Coring Head  
Page 7 – 18  
ProCore 648  
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Chapter 8  
Electrical Diagrams  
Table of Contents  
ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC  
Electrical Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3  
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT DRAWINGS  
Start Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4  
Lower Coring Head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5  
Aerating (Level Ground Surface) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6  
Aerating (Low Spot in Turf Encountered) . . . . . . . 7  
Aerating (High Spot in Turf Encountered) . . . . . . . 8  
Raise Coring Head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9  
Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10  
WIRE HARNESS DRAWINGS  
Wire Harness Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11  
Wire Harness Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12  
ProCore 648  
Page 8 – 1  
Electrical Diagrams  
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This page is intentionally blank.  
Electrical Diagrams  
Page 8 – 2  
ProCore 648  
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ProCore 648  
Electrical Schematic  
All relays and solenoids  
are shown as de–energized.  
All ground wires are black.  
Page 8 – 3  
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(ENERGIZED)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(NEUTRAL POSITION)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
ProCore 648  
Start Engine  
Power Current  
Control Current  
Indication Current  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
Page 8 – 4  
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ON  
ON  
ON  
ProCore 648 Aerator  
ON  
ON  
ON  
Aerator Control Module  
(RUN)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(NOT IN NEUTRAL)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(ENERGIZED)  
(ON)  
(HEAD BEING LOWERED)  
(ENERGIZED)  
(ENERGIZED)  
(PRESSED TO LOWER)  
(HEAD BEING LOWERED)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(IN FORWARD)  
(HEAD BEING LOWERED)  
(HEAD BEING LOWERED)  
(HEAD BEING LOWERED)  
(ENERGIZED)  
ProCore 648  
(ENERGIZED)  
Lower Coring Head  
Manual Raise/Lower Switch Pressed to Lower  
Power Current  
Control Current  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(HEAD BEING LOWERED)  
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ON  
ON  
ON  
ProCore 648 Aerator  
ON  
Aerator Control Module  
(RUN)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(NOT IN NEUTRAL)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(ON)  
(HEAD LOWERED)  
(ENERGIZED)  
(NEUTRAL POSITION)  
(HEAD LOWERED)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(IN FORWARD)  
(HEAD LOWERED)  
(HEAD LOWERED)  
(HEAD LOWERED)  
(ENERGIZED)  
ProCore 648  
(ENERGIZED)  
Aerating  
Coring Head Fully Lowered  
Level Ground Surface  
Power Current  
Control Current  
(ENERGIZED)  
(ENERGIZED)  
(HEAD LOWERED)  
Page 8 – 6  
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ON  
ON  
ON  
ON  
ProCore 648 Aerator  
ON  
ON  
Aerator Control Module  
(RUN)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(NOT IN NEUTRAL)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(ENERGIZED)  
(ON)  
(CLOSED BY TURF GUARD)  
(ENERGIZED)  
(NEUTRAL POSITION)  
(HEAD LOWERED)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(IN FORWARD)  
(HEAD LOWERED)  
(HEAD LOWERED)  
(HEAD LOWERED)  
ProCore 648  
(ENERGIZED)  
Aerating  
(ENERGIZED)  
Coring Head Fully Lowered  
Low Spot in Turf Encountered  
(Head High Limit Switch Closed by Turf Guard Movement)  
Power Current  
Control Current  
(ENERGIZED)  
(ENERGIZED)  
(HEAD LOWERED)  
Page 8 – 7  
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ON  
ON  
ON  
ON  
ProCore 648 Aerator  
ON  
ON  
Aerator Control Module  
(RUN)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(NOT IN NEUTRAL)  
(ENERGIZED)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(ON)  
(HEAD LOWERED)  
(ENERGIZED)  
(NEUTRAL POSITION)  
(HEAD LOWERED)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(IN FORWARD)  
(CLOSED BY TURF GUARD)  
(HEAD LOWERED)  
(HEAD LOWERED)  
ProCore 648  
(ENERGIZED)  
Aerating  
(ENERGIZED)  
Coring Head Fully Lowered  
High Spot in Turf Encountered  
(Head Low Limit Switch Closed by Turf Guard Movement)  
Power Current  
Control Current  
(ENERGIZED)  
(ENERGIZED)  
(HEAD LOWERED)  
Page 8 – 8  
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ON  
ON  
ProCore 648 Aerator  
ON  
ON ON  
Aerator Control Module  
(RUN)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(NOT IN NEUTRAL)  
(ENERGIZED)  
(ENERGIZED)  
(ON)  
(HEAD LOWERED)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(NEUTRAL POSITION)  
(HEAD LOWERED)  
(ENERGIZED)  
(HEAD LOWERED)  
(HEAD LOWERED)  
(HEAD LOWERED)  
(ENERGIZED)  
(ENERGIZED)  
ProCore 648  
Raise Coring Head  
Traction Lever Moved from Forward  
Power Current  
Control Current  
(ENERGIZED)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(HEAD LOWERED)  
Page 8 – 9  
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ON  
ON  
ON  
ProCore 648 Aerator  
ON  
Aerator Control Module  
(RUN)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(NOT IN NEUTRAL)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(ON)  
(HEAD RAISED)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(NEUTRAL POSITION)  
(HEAD RAISED)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(IN FORWARD)  
(HEAD RAISED)  
(HEAD RAISED)  
(HEAD RAISED)  
(ENERGIZED)  
ProCore 648  
(ENERGIZED)  
Transport  
Traction Lever Moved to Forward  
Coring Head Fully Raised  
Power Current  
Control Current  
(ENERGIZED)  
(NOT ENERGIZED)  
(HEAD RAISED)  
Page 8 – 10  
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1
2
3
5
4
3
4
5
2
1
ProCore 648  
Wire Harness Drawing  
Page 8 – 11  
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NEUTRAL SW. RELAY  
(START)  
LOW OIL  
REVERSE  
SWITCH  
FUSE BLOCK  
P27  
IGNITION SWITCH  
PRESSURE  
MAGNETO  
ACM 1  
P9  
P1  
J5  
P4  
P5  
P16  
L
G
4
S
1
M
2
B
5
1A 1B 2A 2B  
1
2
3
4
5
3
A
B
C
D
E
F
A
B
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
SP9  
HOUR  
METER  
1
J1  
BLACK  
PINK/BLACK  
ORANGE  
A
B
C
D
E
F
BLUE/WHITE  
1
30  
85  
WHITE/BLACK  
TAN  
2
3
4
5
SP7  
LATCHING  
RELAY  
P8  
ACM 2  
P3 87A  
YELLOW  
87  
86  
G
H
PINK  
SP1  
PINK/BLACK  
YELLOW  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
SP4  
1
2
3
4
5
BLACK  
BLACK  
BLACK  
SP3  
NEUTRAL SWITCH  
RELAY  
P2  
VIOLET  
GROUND FOLLOW  
SWITCH  
P28  
A
B
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
HEAD LOW  
P18  
P14  
LIMIT SWITCH  
RAISE / LOWER  
SWITCH  
P15  
TAN  
A
B
HEAD HIGH  
LIMIT SWITCH  
1
2
3
4
5
PINK  
PINK  
PINK  
SP2  
ORANGE  
LOCKOUT  
RELAY  
P24  
RED  
PINK/BLACK  
1
2
3
4
5
YELLOW  
GREEN  
LOCKOUT LATCH  
RELAY  
P25  
A
B
WHITE  
ORANGE  
NEUTRAL  
SWITCH  
P22  
PINK  
BLACK  
YELLOW  
A
B
YELLOW  
DIODE D1  
DIODE D2  
P31  
P32  
YELLOW  
SP6  
BLUE  
A
B
SP5  
SP8  
BLACK  
BLACK  
A
B
DIODE D3 P33  
YELLOW  
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
1
2
3
4
5
1
1
A
B
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
A
B
A
B
A
B
ProCore 648  
Wire Harness Diagram  
P34  
P26  
P7  
P13  
P12  
RAISE  
SOLENOID  
(SVR)  
P10  
P11  
P19  
P17  
P29  
CLUTCH RELAY  
P20  
ENGINE CONNECTOR  
J3  
J4  
P23  
TRANSPORT  
LIMIT #2  
SWITCH  
AERATION #3  
SWITCH  
CLUTCH  
DIODE  
D4  
LIFT RESET  
SWITCH  
GROUND  
B+  
LOWER  
SOLENOID  
(SVL)  
FAST RAISE  
SOLENOID  
(SVQ)  
TRANSPORT LIMIT #1  
SWITCH  
AERATION #4  
SWITCH  
Page 8 – 12  
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